COVID-19 ile Mücadelede Sosyal Koruma Sistemleri ve İşgücü Piyasaları

Küresel çapta bir salgına dönüşen COVID-19 ile ulusal ve uluslararası düzeydeki iş birliği temelinde uygulanan politikalar üzerinden mücadele edilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Başta işgücü piyasaları olmak üzere, üretim, tüketim, ticaret ve küresel tedarik zincirleri gibi pek çok alan COVID-19’dan etkilenmektedir. Kamu sağlığının korunması amacı ile başlayan politikalar COVID-19 kriziyle mücadele sürecinde çeşitlenmiş; ekonomik, sosyal ve politik düzleme de taşınmıştır. COVID-19 öncesinde dünya ekonomilerinin çoğu için bazı temel ekonomik göstergeler (borç, istihdam düzeyi) kötü bir performans göstermekte olduğundan COVID-19 ile mücadeleye yönelik politika ve stratejiler bu mevcut koşullardan etkilenmiştir. Bazı bölgelerde ve ekonomilerde enformel istihdamın payının yüksek olduğu görülmektedir. Son dönemlerde Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü (ILO)’nün de desteğiyle, enformel ekonomiden formel ekonomiye geçiş sürecine ilişkin bazı düzenlemeler, stratejiler ve kurallar ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu tavsiyeler içerisinde en önemlisi, ülkelerin sosyal koruma planlarına ilişkin olmaktadır. Mevcut ulusal düzenlemelerle, sosyal yardım ve desteklerin dışında kalan enformel ve ev-temelli çalışanların kapsanması; genişletilecek sosyal koruma sistemi kapsamı ile mümkün olacaktır. Bu kapsamın genişletilmesinin önemi gelir ve iş kayıplarının yaşandığı COVID-19 ile daha çok anlaşılmıştır. Bu noktada, devletlerin müdahalesi ve bu alanda gerekli düzenlemeleri yapması yönünde vatandaşlarından gelen talebe ne ölçüde cevap verebildikleri de ayrıca politik ekonomi açısından bakıldığında yeni bir yapılanma sürecinin de işareti olmaktadır. Bu çalışma, enformellik ve sosyal koruma kavramları üzerinden COVID-19 ile mücadele politikalarına yer vermeye çalışacaktır.

Social Protection Systems and Labour Markets to Struggle With COVID-19

Countries try to struggle with COVID-19 of the global pandemic by the policies which are taken both by national and international cooperation. COVID-19 affects so many fields such as production, consumption, trade, and global supply chains. Starting with the policies to protect public health have been diversified during the struggle and reached to the economic, social, and political dimension. Before COVID 19 some macroeconomic indicators such as debt and employment levels have performed worse and this has affected the strategies and policies against COVID-19. There are some economies and regions in which informal employment has a high share. Recently, by the support of the International Labour Organisation (ILO), there are some implementations, strategies, and rules to be put forward for the transition from informal to formal employment. The most important one of these rules is about social protection schemes. By expanding the social protection schemes, the groups such as home-based and informal workers which can not be seen by the existing national regulations of social assistance and social protection schemes can also be covered. The importance of social protection schemes is better understood by the existence of COVID-19. At this point, the state intervention and the capacity of the state to satisfy the demand of the citizens can be seen as a new restructuring in the context of the political economy. This study tries to explain the strategies to combat COVID-19 in terms of informality and social protection.

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