Sıddıka ERSOY, Şükran ÖZKAHRAMAN KOÇ, İsmail Hakkı ERSOY

Covid-19’lu Hastalara Tedavi ve Bakım Veren Sağlık Çalışanlarının GörüşlerininBelirlenmesi

Covid-19 gibi tüm dünyaya yayılımı olan salgınların kontrol altına alınmasında sağlık çalışanlarınabüyük görevler düşmektedir. Çalışma Covid-19’lu hastalara tedavi ve bakım veren sağlık çalışanlarınıngörüşlerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Ayrıca Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi KlinikAraştırmalar Etik Kurulundan, 23.07.2020 tarih ve 174 nolu karar ile etik bilimsel standartlar açısındanuygunluğuna karar verilmiştir. Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte olan çalışma Nisan–Mayıs 2020 tarihleri arasında%42.0’ı hemşire, %30.7’si doktor ve %27.3’ü diğer sağlık çalışanları olmak üzere toplam 407 sağlıkçalışanıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın evreni 578 sağlık çalışanından oluşmaktadır. Sağlık çalışanlarınıngörüşleri Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Depresyon Anksiyete Stres Ölçeği kısa formu ve sağlık çalışanlarının pandemiöncesi ve sonrası düşüncelerini belirleyen sorulardan oluşan anketle değerlendirilmiştir. Sağlık çalışanlarınınCovid-19 salgınından önce %81.1’inin arkadaş gruplarının olduğu ve %73.5’inin psikolojik destek almadığıbulunmuştur. Araştırmaya katılan sağlık çalışanlarının Covid-19 salgını öncesinde psikolojik destek almadurumları ile ölçek toplam puan ve alt boyutları arasında istatistiksel anlamlılık bulunmaktadır (p=0.000).Katılımcıların bazıları Covid-19 salgını öncesi kendilerini sosyal olarak aktif buldukları (n=281), fiziksel(n=249) ve psikolojik (n=200) iyi hissettikleri ancak bu durumun Covid-19 salgınından sonra olumsuz olaraketkilendiğini belirtmişlerdir. Sağlık çalışanlarının çoğunluğunun erken dönemde salgına ve vakalara karşıbeklenen düzeyde olumsuz bir tutum içinde olmadıkları görülmüştür. Covid-19 salgını sonrasında kidönemde sağlık çalışanlarının tamamına psikolojik destek verilmesi önerilebilir.

Determining the Views of Healthcare Professionals Providing Treatment and Care to Patients with Covid-19

Healthcare professionals have a major role to play in controlling pandemic such as Covid-19 thathave spread all over the world. In this study, we aimed to determine the views of healthcare professionalsproviding treatment and care to Covid-19 patients. In addition, it was decided by the Süleyman DemirelUniversity Faculty of Medicine Clinical Research Ethics Committee, with the decision dated 174 andnumbered 2020.07.23, it was decided to comply with ethical scientific standards. The descriptive and cross sectional study was carried out between April – May 2020 with a total of 407 healthcare workers, 42.0%were nurses, 30.7% doctors and 27.3% other health workers. The universe of the study consists of 578healthcare workers. The Healthcare professionals' views were evaluated with a questionnaire consisting of Personal Information Form, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale short form and questions determininghealthcare professionals' thoughts before and after pandemics. It was found that 81.1% of the healthcareprofessionals had friends before the Covid-19 pandemic and 73.5% did not receive psychological support.There is a statistical significance between the healthcare professionals participating in the study and theirpsychological support status before the Covid-19 pandemic, and the scale total score and sub-dimensions(p=0.000). Some of the participants stated that they found themselves socially active (n=281), physical(n=249) and psychological (n=200) before the Covid-19 pandemic, but this situation was adversely affectedafter the Covid-19 pandemic. It was observed that the majority of healthcare professionals did not have anexpected negative attitude towards pandemic and cases in the early period. Providing psychological supporttrainings to all healthcare professionals in the period after the Covid-19 pandemic can yield important results.

PDF

___

Adams, R.E. , Figley, C.R. , Boscarino, J.A. (2008). The compassion fatigue scale: Its use with social workers following urban disaster. Res Soc Work Pract, 18, 238–250. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731507310190
Ağalar, C., Öztürk Engin, D. (2020). Protective measures for COVID-19 for healthcare providers and laboratory personnel. Turk J Med Sci, 50(SI-1),578-584. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag2004-132
Brooks, S., Amlôt, R., Rubin, G.J., Greenberg, N. (2020). Psychological resilience and posttraumatic growth in disaster-exposed organisations: Overview of the literature. BMJ Mil Health, 166,52-56. https://doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2017-000876
Brooks, S.K., Dunn, R., Amlôt, R., et al. (2016). Social and occupational factors associated with psychological distress and disorder among disaster responders: A systematic review. BMC Psychol,4:18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-016-0120-9
Brooks, S.K., Rubin, G.J., Greenberg, N. (2019). Traumatic stress within disaster-exposed occupations: Overview of the literature and suggestions for the management of traumatic stress in the workplace. Br Med Bull, 129(1),25-34. https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldy040
Brown, T.A., Chorpita, B.F., Korotitsch, W., Barlow, D.H. (1997). Psychometric properties of The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) in clinical samples. Behav Res Ther, 35(1),79- 89. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(96)00068-x
Chan, S. (2003). Nurses fighting against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong. J Nurs Scholarsh, 35(3), 209. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2003.00209.x
Chua, S.E., Cheung, V., Cheung, C., et al. (2004) . Psychological effects of the SARS outbreak in Hong Kong on high-risk health care workers. Can J Psychiatry, 49(6),391-393. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370404900609
COVID-19 Case Tracker (2020). Johns Hopkins University and Medicine Coronavirus Resource Center. https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/. (Erişim tarihi: 16.04.2020).
Foulds, G.A. (1963). A Theory of cognitive dissonance. Br. J. Psychiatry, 109,164–165.
Greenberg, N., Docherty, M., Gnanapragasam, S., Wessely, S. (2020). Managing mental health challenges faced by healthcare workers during Covid-19 pandemic. BMJ, 368:m1211. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1211
Henry, J.D., Crawford, J.R. (2005). The short‐ form version of The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS‐ 21): Construct validity and normative data in a large non‐ clinical sample. Br J Clin Psychol,44(2),227-239. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466505x29657
Holmes, E.A., O'Connor, R.C., Perry, V.H., et al. (2020). Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 Pandemic: a call for action for mental health science. Lancet Psychiatry, 0366(20), 30168-1.
Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., et al. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to Coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open,3(3), e203976. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976
Li, S., Wang, Y., Xue, J., Zhao, N., Zhu, T. (2020). The ımpact of COVID-19 epidemic declaration on psychological consequences: A study on active weibo users. Int. J Environ Res Public Health, 17(6),2032. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062032
Linley, P.A., Joseph, S. (2006). The positive and negative effects of disaster work: A preliminary investigation. J Loss and Trauma. 11(3), 229-245. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325020500494186
Lovibond, P.F., Lovibond, S.H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the beck depression and anxiety ınventories. Behav Res Ther, 33(3), 335-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075- u
Mak, I.W., Chu, C.M., Pan, P.C., Yiu, M.G., Chan, V.L. (2009) Long-term psychiatric morbidities among SARS survivors. Gen Hosp Psychiatry,31(4),318-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2009.03.001
Maunder, R.G., Lancee, W.J., Balderson, K.E., et al. (2006). Long-term psychological and occupational effects of providing hospital healthcare during SARS outbreak. Emerg Infect Dis, 12:1924–32. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1212.060584
Petzold, M.B., Plag, J., Ströhle, A. (2020) Umgang mit psychischer belastung bei gesundheitsfachkräften im rahmen der Covid-19-Pandemie [Dealing with psychological distress by healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemia]. Nervenarzt, 91(5),417‐421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-020-00905-0
Rohan, P., O'Reilly, M.K., Gibney, B., Nason, G.J. (2020) supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the Covid-19 pandemic. Ir Med J, 113(4),66.
Shih, F.J., Gau, M.L., Kao, C.C., et al. (2007) . Dying and caring on the edge: Taiwan’s surviving nurses’ reflections on taking care of patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. Appl Nurs Res,20(4),171-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2006.08.007
Shultz, J.M., Cooper, J.L., Baingana, F., et al. (2016). The role of fear-related behaviors in the 2013-2016 West Africa Ebola virus disease outbreak. Curr Psychiatry Rep, 18(11),104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-016-0741-y
The Lancet. (2020). COVID-19: Protecting health-care workers. Lancet,395(10228),922. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30644-9
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı (2020a). https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/tr/, (Erişim tarihi: 06.05.2020)
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı (2020b). Halk sağlığı genel müdürlüğü. https://covid19bilgi.saglik.gov.tr/depo/Sunumlar/COVID-19-Epidemiyoloji-TaniTedavi.pdf. (Erişim tarihi: 06.05.2020).
Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği Ruhsal Travma ve Afet Psikiyatrisi Çalışma Birimi. https://www.psikiyatri.org.tr/menu/161/cov%C4%B1d-19-ve-ruh-sagligi. (Erişim tarihi:06.05.2020). https://doi.org/10.1501/kriz_0000000298
Tzeng, H.M. (2003). Fighting The SARS epidemic in Taiwan: A nursing perspective. J Nurs Adm,33(11),565-567. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005110-200311000-00005
Wong, T.W., Yau, J.K., Chan, C.L., et al. (2005). The psychological impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak on healthcare workers in emergency departments and how they cope. Eur J Emerg Med,12(1),13-18. https://doi.org/10.1097/00063110-200502000- 00005
Wong, W.C., Wong, S.Y., Lee, A., et al. (2007). How to provide an effective primary health care in fighting against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: The experiences of two cities. Am J Infect Control, 35,50-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2006.06.009
World Health Organization Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations. (2020). Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-thesecond-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committeeregarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov). (Erişim tarihi: 16.04.2020).
Wu, P., Fang, Y., Guan, Z., et al. (2009). The psychological ımpact of the SARS epidemic on hospital employees in China: Exposure, risk perception, and altruistic acceptance of risk. Can J Psychiatry,54(5),302-311. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370905400504
Xiang, Y.T., Yang, Y., Li, W., et al. (2020). Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel Coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. Lancet Psyc,7(3),228-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30046-8
Yılmaz, Ö., Boz, H., Arslan, A. (2017). Depresyon Anksiyete Stres Ölçeğinin (DASS 21) Türkçe kısa formunun geçerlilik-güvenilirlik çalışması. FESA,2(2),78-91.
Zhou, P., Yang, X.L., Wang, X.G., et al. (2020). Pneumonia outbreak associated with a new Coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature, 579(7798), 270-273.