BİYOKÜTLENİN KATALİTİK HİDROTERMAL SIVILAŞTIRMA YÖNTEMİ İLE SIVILAŞTIRILMASI

Biyokütle ısıl, biyolojik ve fiziksel birçok yöntemle daha değerli enerji formlarına dönüştürülebilmektedir. Biyokütlenin geleneksel yöntem ile doğrudan yakılması sonucu enerji elde edilebildiği gibi çeşitli termokimyasal işlemlerle de biyokütleden katı, sıvı ve gaz yakıtlar elde edilebilmektedir. Biyokütledenbiyoyakıt üretimi için gazlaştırma, piroliz ve sıvılaştırma gibi birçok termokimyasal yöntem kullanılmaktadır. Biyokütleden elde edilen biyo yağ ın geleneksel kullanıma göre birçok avantajı vardır. Hidrotermal sıvılaştırma biyokütlenin yüksek enerji içeriğine sahip sıvı ürünlere dönüştürülmesinde kullanılan termokimyasalproseslerden biridir. Genellikle kritik altı su koşullarında ve yüksek basınçta gerçekleştirilir ve biyo-yağ olarak adlandırılan organik bir sıvı elde edilir. Suyun eşsiz ve çevre dostu bir çözücü olması, işlemin ıslak biyokütlelere uygulanabilmesi ve dolayısıyla biyokütlenin kurutulma zorunluluğunun olmaması, piroliz gibi işlemlerden daha düşük sıcaklıkta gerçekleştirilebilmesi ve yüksek enerji verimliliği hidrotermal sıvılaştırmayı cazip hale getirmektedir. Hidrotermal sıvılaştırma prosesinde kullanılan su eşsiz ve çevre dostu bir çözücüdür, bu proses ıslak biyokütlelerede uygulanabilir, piroliz gibi işlemlerden daha düşük sıcaklıkta gerçekleştirilir ve yüksek enerji verimliliğine sahiptir tüm bu avantajla göz önüne alındığında hidrotermal sıvılaştırma prosesi diğer termokimyasal proseslere kıyasla daha cazip hale gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada prosopisfarcta bitkisi 350 oC de Al2O3 ve NaOH katalizörleri varlığında katalitik hidrotermal sıvılaştırma yöntemi ile sıvı ve katı ürünlere dönüştürülmüştür. Elde edilen ürünler GC-MS analiz yöntemi ile analize dilmiştir. GC-MS analiz sonuçlarına gore elde edilen sıvı ürünler genel olarak C6-C27 karbonlu mono aromatik, alifatik, poliaromatik ve oksijenli bileşiklerden oluşmaktadır

LIQUEFACTION OF BIOMASS BY CATALYTIC HYDROTHERMAL LIQUEFACTION PROCESS

Biomass can be transformed into more valuable forms of energy by thermal, biological and physical methods. As energy can be obtained as a result of direct combustion of biomass by traditional methods, also, solid, liquid and gaseous fuels can be obtained from biomass by using various thermochemical processes. For the production of biofuels from biomass, many thermochemical methods such as gasification, pyrolysis and liquefaction are used. Bio-oil obtained from biomass has many advantages over traditional use. Hydrothermal liquefaction is one of the thermochemical processes used to convert biomass into liquid products with high energy content. It is usually carried out under subcritical water conditions and at high pressure and an organic liquid called biooil is obtained. Hydrothermal liquefaction becomes attractive because water is a unique and environmentally friendly solvent, the process can be applied to wet biomass and therefore the biomass does not have to be dried; it can be performed at a lower temperature than the processes such as pyrolysis and has high energy efficiency. Water used in hydrothermal liquefaction process is a unique and environmentally friendly solvent,so this process can also be applied to wet biomasses. It is carried out at a lower temperature than the temperature of other processes such as pyrolysis and has high energy efficiency. Considering all these advantages, the hydrothermal liquefaction process becomes more attractive than other thermochemical processes. In this study, prosopisfarcta plant was converted to liquid and solid products by catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction in the presence of Al2O3 and NaOH catalysts at 350 °C. According to the GC-MS analysis results, liquid products are generally composed of mono aromatic, aliphatic, polyaromatic and oxygenated compounds with C6-C27 carbons.

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