GÜNCEL YAKLAŞIMLAR ÇERÇEVESİNDE MÜZİKSEL YARATICILIK VE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Günümüzde oldukça sık duymaya başladığımız yaratıcılık terimi, uzun yıllar üzerine çalışılan ve araştırmalar yapılan bir konu olmuştur. Yaratıcılık, sanatta olduğu kadar, bilim, teknoloji ve daha diğer birçok alanda da programların vazgeçilmez bir parçasıdır. Yaratıcılık ile ilgili çalışmalar incelediğinde, yaratıcılığın Platon’a kadar uzanan, birçok din ve toplumun da ilgisini çeken bir konu olduğu görülmektedir. Özellikle II. Dünya Savaşından sonra askeri savunma sistemleri, uzay bilimleri ve mühendislik gibi alanlarda oldukça hızlı ilerlemeler kaydedilmeye başlanmıştır. Bu ilerlemeler yaratıcı düşüncenin geliştirilmesi ve kullanılmasıyla mümkün olmuştur. Hızla gelişmekte ve değişmekte olan çağı yakalayabilmek için, her alanda yaratıcı fikirler ve ürünler ortaya koymak bir gereklilik haline gelmiştir. Son yıllarda, eğitim programları incelendiğinde yaratıcılık ile ilgili birçok kazanıma yer verildiği ve yaratıcı etkinliklerin tasarlandığı görülmektedir. Çocuklarda yaratıcılığın eğitim yoluyla geliştirilmesi, gelecekte ülkemizin bilim, sanat, spor ve teknoloji gibi alanlarda ilerlemesi ve bu gibi alanlarda çığır açabilecek bireylerin yetiştirilmesine katkı sağlayacaktır. Yaratıcılık ile ilgili geçmişte yapılmış ve hali hazırda yapılmakta olan bilimsel çalışmaların incelenip ülkemiz öğretim programlarına kazandırılması, çocukların üst düzey düşünme berilerini geliştirerek daha üretken ve yenilikçi olmalarını sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışmada yaratıcılık, müziksel yaratıcılık, müziksel yaratıcılığın gelişim süreci ve son yıllarda müziksel yaratıcılığı değerlendirmeye yönelik geliştirilen ölçme araçlarının kullanımına ilişkin detaylı bilgiye ve güncel araştırmalara yer verilmiştir.

MUSICAL CREATIVITY AND EVALUATION IN THE FRAMEWORK OF CURRENT APPROACHES

The term creativity, which we started to hear quite often, has been a subject that has been studied and researched for many years. Creativity is an indispensable part of programs in science, technology and many other fields as well as in art. When studies on creativity are examined, it is seen that creativity is a subject that extends to Plato and attracts the attention of many religions and societies. Especially after World War II, rapid advances were made in the fields of military defense systems, space sciences and engineering. These advances have been possible through the development and use of creative thinking. In order to catch up with the rapidly developing and changing age, it has become a necessity to create creative ideas and products in every field. In recent years, when the educational programs are examined, it has been seen that there are many gains related to creativity and creative activities are designed. The development of creativity in children through education will contribute to the progress of our country in the fields of science, art, sports and technology and to raise individuals who can break new ground in such fields. By examining the scientific studies that have been done about creativity in the past and currently being carried out in our country's curricula, it will enable children to be more productive and innovative by developing their high-level thinking. When education programs are examined in recent years, it has been seen that there are many achievements related to creativity and creative activities are designed. In this study, detailed information and current studies are included about creativity, musical creativity, the development process of musical creativity and the use of tools to evaluate musical creativity in recent years.

PDF

___

Amabile, T. M. (1983). The social psychology of creativity. New York: Springer.
Auh, M. S. (1995). Prediction of Musical Creativity in Composition Among Selected Variables for Upper Elementary Students. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ohio Üniversitesi.
Baltzer, S. W. (1991). A Factor Analytic Study of Musical Creativity in Children in the Primary Grades. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Indiana Üniversitesi.
Birel, A. S., & Albuz, A. (2014). Viyolonsel öğretiminde performansı değerlendirmeye yönelik hazırlanan dereceli puanlama anahtarının (rubrik) sınanması ve değerlendirilmesi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 18(3).
Burnard, P. (2000). Examining experiential differences between ımprovisation and composition in children's music-making. British journal of music education, 17(3), 227-245.
Burnard, P. (2007). Routes to Understanding Musical Creativity. In International Handbook of Research in arts Education (pp. 1199-1224). Springer, Dordrecht.
Craft, A., Gardner, H., & Claxton, G. (Eds.). (2007). Creativity, Wisdom, and Trusteeship: Exploring the Role of Education. Corwin Press.
Crow, B. (2006). Musical creativity and the new technology. Music Education Research, 8(1), 121- 130.
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1999). 16 Implications of A Systems Perspective for The Study of Creativity. In Handbook of creativity (ss. 313-335). Cambridge University Press.
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014). Society, Culture, and Person: A Systems View of Creativity. In The Systems Model of Creativity (ss. 47-61). Springer, Dordrecht.
Davaslıgil, Ü. (1989). Yaratıcılık ve Oyun. Eğitim ve Bilim, 13(71).
Deluca, C., & Bolden, B. (2014). Music performance assessment: exploring three approaches for quality rubric construction. Music Educators Journal, 101(1), 70-76.
Elliott, D. J. (1989). The Concept of Creativity: Implications for Music Education.
Gardner, H. (2011). Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. Hachette UK.
Gorder, W.D. (1976). An Investigation of Divergent Production Abilities as Constructs of Musical Creativity. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Illinois Üniversitesi
Guilford, J. P. (1950). Creativity. American Psychologist, 5, 444–454.
Harris, R., & Hawksley, E. (1989). Composing in the Classroom. Cambridge University Press.
Hickey, M. (1999). Assessment rubrics for music composition: rubrics make evaluations concrete and objective, while providing students with detailed feedback and the skills to become sensitive music critics. Music educators journal, 85(4), 26-52.
Hickey, M., & Webster, P. (2001). Creative thinking in music. Music Educators Journal, 88(1), 19-23.
Kan, A. (2007). Performans değerlendirme sürecine katkıları açısından yeni program anlayışı içerisinde kullanılabilecek bir değerlendirme yaklaşımı: Rubrik puanlama yönergeleri. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 7(1), 129-152.
Kaschub, M. E. (1999). Sixth grade student's descriptions of their ındividual and collaborative music composition processes and products ınitiated from prompted and umprompted task structures. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Northwestern Üniversitesi.
Kiehn, M. T. (2003). Development of music creativity among elementary school students. Journal of research in Music Education, 51(4), 278-288.
Kurtzberg, T. R., & Amabile, T. M. (2001). From Guilford to creative synergy: Opening the black box of team-level creativity. Creativity Research Journal, 13(3-4), 285-294.
Küpana, M. N. (2013). Müzikal yaratıcılığı geliştiren yaklaşımlar. Eğitim ve Öğretim Araştırmaları Dergisi Journal of Research in Education and Teaching, 2 (2).
Mazzola, G., Park, J., & Thalmann, F. (2011). Musical Creativity: Strategies and Tools in Composition and Improvisation. Springer Science & Business Media.
M.E.B. (2007). Bilim ve Sanat Merkezleri Yönergesi. Online: http://mevzuat.meb.gov.tr.
Özkişi, Z. G. (2013). Contemporary Music from Turkey: Turkish composer Özkan Manav's approaches to the local materials in. Turkish Studies International Academic Journals, 8(9), 2069-2091.
Öztürk, D., & Güdek, B. (2016). Viyolonsel performans değerlendirmesine yönelik dereceli puanlama anahtarının (rubrik) geliştirilmesi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Akademik Müzik Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(3), 31-50.
Popham, W. J. (1997). What's Wrong-and What's Right-With Rubrics. Educational Leadership, 55, 72-75.
Rawat, K. J., Qazi, W., & Hamid, S. (2012). Creativity and Education. Academic Research International, 2(2), 264. R ozman, J. Č. (2009). Musical Creativity in Slovenian Elementary Schools. Educational research, 51(1), 61-76.
Runco, M. A. (2008). Creativity and Education. New Horizons in Education, 56(1).
Ryan, T. G., & Brown, K. (2012). Musical creativity: Measures and learning. Journal of Elementary Education, 22(2), 105-120.
Sak, U. (2014). Yaratıcılık Gelişimi ve Geliştirilmesi. Ankara: Vize Yayıncılık.
Sak, U. (2014). Üstün Zekâlılar: Özellikleri Tanılanmaları Eğitimleri. Ankara: Vize Yayınevi.
Schmidt, C. P., & Sinor, J. (1986). An ınvestigation of the relationships among music audiation, musical creativity, and cognitive style. Journal of Research in Music Education, 34(3), 160- 172.
Scott, S. J. (2012). Rethinking the roles of assessment in music education. Music Educators Journal, 98(3), 31-35.
Shaheen, R. (2010). Creativity and Education. Online Submission, 1(3), 166-169.
Sternberg, R. J., & Lubart, T. I. (1991). An investment theory of creativity and its development. Human Development, 34(1), 1–31.
Sternberg, R. J., & Lubart, T. I. (1995). Defying the Crowd. New York: Free Press.
Sternberg, R. J., & Lubart, T. I. (1996). Investing in creativity. American psychologist, 51(7), 677.
Sternberg, R. J. (2006). The nature of creativity. Creativity research journal, 18(1), 87-98.
Swanner, D. L. (1985). Relationships between musical creativity and selected factors, ıncluding personality. motivation, musical aptitude, and cognitive ıntelligence as measured in third grade children. UMI Dissertation Services.
Swanwick, K., & Tillman, J. (1986). The sequence of musical development: A study of children's composition. British journal of music education, 3(3), 305-339.
Şahin, Ç., & Öztürk, Y. A. (2014). Sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının alternatif ölçme-değerlendirme yöntemlerine ilişkin görüşleri. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 22(1), 123-142.
Tierney, R., & Simon, M. (2004). What's still wrong with rubrics: focusing on the consistency of performance criteria across scale levels. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 9(2), 1-10.
Torrance, E. P. (1962). Guiding creative talent. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Torrance, E. P. (1966). The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking-Norms-Technical Manual Research Edition-Verbal Tests, Forms A and B-Figural Tests, Forms A and B. Princeton, NJ: Personnel Press.
Torrance, E. P. (1974). Torrance tests of creative thinking. Lexington. MA: Personnel Press. Trinity College London (2019). 20.12.2019 tarihinde https://www.trinitycollege.com/adresinden erişildi.
Vaughan, M., & Myers, R. E. (1971). An examination of musical process as related to creative thinking. Journal of Research in Music Education, 19(3), 337-341.
Wallas, G. (1926). The art of thought. New York: Harcourt Brace.
Wilson, S. J., ve Wales, R. J. (1995). An exploration of children's musical compositions. Journal of Research in Music Education, 43(2), 94-111.
Webster, P.R. (1979). Relationship between creative behavior in music and selected variables as measured in high school students. Journal of Research in Music Education, 27(4), 227-242.
Webster, P.R. (1983). Refinement of A Measure of Musical Imagination in Young Children And a Comparison to Aspects of Musical Aptitude. Paper presented at the Loyola Symposium on Creativity.New Orleans, LA.
Webster, P. R. (1987). Refinement of a Measure of Creative Thinking in Music. Applications of Research in Music Behaviour. C. Madsen& C. Prickett (Eds.), Tuscaloosa, Alabama: The University of Alabama Press.
Webster, P. R., Yale, C. &Haefner, M. (1988). Test-retestreliability of Measures of Creative Thinking in Music Forchildren with Formal Music Training. Poster Session of MENC Conference: Indianapolis.
Webster, P. R. (1990). Study of ınternalreliabilityfortheMeasure of Creative Thinking in Music.
General Poster Session of the MENC National Convention: Washington D.C. Webster, P. R. (1994). Measure of Creative Thinking in Music (MCTM) Administrative Guidelines.
Webster, P. R. (2002). Creative thinking in music: Advancing a model. creativityandmusic education. T. Sullivan& L. Willingham (Eds.), Toronto: Canadian Music Educators’ Association.
Webster, P. R. (2007). Computer-Based Technology and Music Teaching and Learning: 2000–2005.
In International handbook of research in arts education (ss. 1311-1330). Springer, Dordrecht. Webster, P. R. (2012). Key research in music technology and music teaching and learning. Journal of Music, Technology & Education, 4(2-3), 115-130.

Turkish Studies - Educational Sciences-Cover

ISSN: 2667-5609
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 6 Sayı
Başlangıç: 2006
Yayıncı: ASOS Eğitim Bilişim Danışmanlık Otomasyon Yayıncılık Reklam Sanayi ve Ticaret LTD ŞTİ