Orta Doğu’dan Gerçekleşen Zorunlu Göç Hareketleri: Suriye’den Türkiye'ye Göçü Belirleyen Faktörler

Göç kavramı en genel haliyle bir kişinin geçici veya sürekli olarak bulunduğu yerden ayrılmasını ve başka bir yere yerleşmesini ifade etmektedir. Bu yer değiştirme hareketi gönüllü olabileceği gibi bazı durumlarda kişilerin yaşam ve geçim kaynaklarının çeşitli şekillerde tehdit edilmesi nedeniyle zorunlu olarak da gerçekleşebilmektedir. Geçmişte olduğu gibi 21. yüzyılda da zorunlu göç hareketleri ve buna bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan mülteci sorunları Orta Doğu’nun en önemli konuları arasında yer almaktadır. Özellikle 2010 yılı sonrasında milyonlarca kişinin yerinden edilmesine neden olan olaylar bölgedeki göç dinamiklerini etkileyen birincil faktörler olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu bağlamda bölgede göç sorunlarına yol açan faktörlerin incelenmesi ve bölgedeki ülkelerin göç almasına etki eden unsurların açıklanması önem taşımaktadır. Bu amaçla çalışmanın konusunu, 2011 yılı sonrasında Suriye’den Türkiye’ye doğru gerçekleşen zorunlu göçler oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada Lee'nin itme ve çekme kuramı çerçevesinde 2013-2020 yılları arasında Türkiye’de yapılan saha çalışmaları üzerinden Suriye’den göç edilmesine sebep olan faktörler ile Türkiye’nin göç almasına neden olan unsurlar değerlendirilmektedir. Araştırma sonucunda Suriye’deki iç savaş nedeniyle ortaya çıkan güvenlik endişesi ile ekonomik, siyasi ve toplumsal alandaki olumsuz etkiler göçlerin meydana gelmesinde temel itici faktörler olarak tespit edilirken, Türkiye’nin göç edilecek ülke olarak belirlenmesinde “en yakın güvenli ülke” arayışı ile birlikte bireysel tercihlerin de ön plana çıktığı görülmektedir.

Forced Migration from the Middle East: The Determinants of Migration from Syria to Turkey

In its most general form, the concept of migration refers to the temporary or permanent departure of people from their current location and their settlement to another place. While these movements sometimes occur as voluntary migration, in some cases, they may also occur as forced migration due to the threat to the lives and livelihoods. In the 21st century, as in the past, the refugee problem arising from forced migration is one of the most important issues in the Middle East. Especially after 2010, the events that resulted in the displacement of millions of people come to the forefront as primary factors affecting migration dynamics in the region. In this context, it is important to examine the factors that lead to migration movements in the region and to explain the factors that affect the selection of countries as destinations for migration. To this end, forced migration movements from Syria to Turkey that took place after 2011 constitute the research subject. In this study, based on Lee's push and pull theory, the factors that led to the migration from Syria, and the determining factors in the selection of Turkey as a migration destination were evaluated through field studies conducted in Turkey between the years 2013-2020. As a result of the research, it is concluded that the security concerns that emerged with the civil war and the adverse effects of civil war in the economic, political, and social areas in Syria are the main driving factors in the occurrence of migration. On the other hand, in addition to Syrians' search for the closest safe country, it is seen that individual preferences are also influential for choosing Turkey as a migration destination.

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Turkish Studies - Economics, Finance, Politics-Cover

ISSN: 2667-5625
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 4 Sayı
Başlangıç: 2006
Yayıncı: ASOS Eğitim Bilişim Danışmanlık Otomasyon Yayıncılık Reklam Sanayi ve Ticaret LTD ŞTİ