Normatif Bir Güç Olarak Avrupa Birliği’nin Dış Politikada Kriz Yönetimi Yeteneği: Arap Baharı Tecrübesi

Arap Baharı, Avrupa Birliği (AB)’nin dış politikasında önemli kırılmalardan biri olmuştur. Bununla birlikte, Arap Baharı AB’nin dış politikasının önemli bileşenlerden biri olan kriz yönetiminde de bir kırılma noktasıdır. Normatif bir güç olarak konumlanan AB’nin Arap Baharı’nda ve sonrasında bölgesel krizleri çözme becerisi, kriz yönetimi kapasitesini de tartışmaya açmıştır. Ortak politikaları, bölgesel ortaklıkları, bütünleşme modeli ve demokratik koşulluluk yoluyla Orta Doğu ve Kuzey Afrika ülkelerini mobilize etmeye, sosyalleştirmeye çalışan ve bu ülkelere normatif vizyonlar sunmaya çabalayan AB, bu nitelikleriyle önemli bir uluslararası aktördür. Öte yandan, AB'nin bunu yapabilme kabiliyeti uluslararası politikada normatif bir güç olarak konumlandırılmasına dayanmaktadır. Burada öne çıkarılabilecek temel soru, AB'nin Arap Baharı'ndan sonra evrensel norm ve değerleri yansıtan bir ortaklık politikası ve kriz yönetimini sürdürmeye devam edip edemediğidir. Sert güç unsurları yerine diplomasi, bölgesel ve küresel diyalog ve iş birliğine dayanan uluslararası rolle AB, zamanla uluslararası güvenlik tehditleri ve insani güvenlik krizleri karşısındaki yetersizlikleriyle uluslararası alanda tartışmalı bir güç haline gelmiştir. Gerek kendi içindeki farklılaşma, ayrışma ve yeniden ulusallaşma süreçleri gerekse de kendi dışındaki yerel ve bölgesel dirençlerle uluslararası krizler normatif ve maddi açılardan AB’yi zorlar olmuştur. AB'nin Arap Baharı, Libya krizi, Suriye krizi gibi vakalarda normatif güç anlayışı ve Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası gibi bölgesel politikaları sınırlarla karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Bu sınırlar Komşuluk Politikası’nın revizyonlarıyla iyice görünür bir hal almıştır. Bu kapsamda makalenin amacı, normatif bir güç olan AB'nin, dış politika kapasitesinin ve kriz yönetimi potansiyelinin Arap Baharı tarafından nasıl zorlandığını analiz etmektir.

Crisis Management Ability of the European Union in Foreign Policy as a Normative Power: Arab Spring Experience

The Arab Spring has been a breaking point for the European Union (EU)’s foreign policy. However, the Arab Spring is also a breaking point in crisis management, which is one of the important components of the EU's foreign policy. As a normative power, the ability of the EU to manage regional crisis in the Arab Spring and afterward has opened up its crisis management capacity to the discussion. The EU is an important international actor which tries to mobilize and socialize the countries of the Middle East and North Africa through common policies, regional partnerships, integration model and democratic conditionality, and strives to present normative visions to these countries. On the other hand, the EU's ability to do it is based on its positioning as a normative power in international policy. The main question that can be raised here is whether the EU can continue to maintain a partnership policy and crisis management that reflects universal norms and values after the Arab Spring. With its international role based on diplomacy, regional and global dialogue and cooperation instead of hard power, the EU has become a controversial power in the international arena with its inadequacies in the face of international security threats and human security crises. Both the processes of differentiation, separation and re-nationalization within itself, and international crises with local and regional resistances outside have been challenging the EU in normative and material terms. The EU’s understanding of normative power in cases such as the Arab Spring, the Libyan crisis, the Syrian crisis and its regional policies like European Neighborhood Policy have faced limits. These limits have become more visible with the revisions of the Neighborhood Policy. In this context, the purpose of this article is to analyze how the foreign policy capacity of the EU to influence global governance has been challenged by the Arab Spring with reference to the crisis management capability of the EU as a normative power.

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Turkish Studies - Economics, Finance, Politics-Cover

ISSN: 2667-5625
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 4 Sayı
Başlangıç: 2006
Yayıncı: ASOS Eğitim Bilişim Danışmanlık Otomasyon Yayıncılık Reklam Sanayi ve Ticaret LTD ŞTİ