CHALLENGES ON PROCESSES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PARIS AGREEMENT: MAJOR FOSSIL FUEL PRODUCERS CASE

A new climate change agreement was required to replace to the Kyoto Protocol, which quantitatively determines the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction of developed and industrialized countries and sets down cost-effective mitigation mechanisms. The Kyoto Protocol has not defined the commitment to reduce GHG emission for a sufficient number of countries. The Kyoto Protocol has not also provided equity based responsibility sharing for combating climate change. In line with these needs, the Paris Agreement was adopted in 2015 as a result of the 21st Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) at the end of the climate negotiations between the years 2011 and 2015. The Paris Agreement entered into force on 4th November 2016 and covers the post-2020 implementation period. Due to the monitoring of the process of negotiating and bottomup negotiating method, updated Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) with progressive and additional GHG emission reduction requirements (INDCs 2.0) process by 2020 has gained critical importance. In this study, the case of major fossil fuel producers is investigated in terms of their institutional and climate policy perspectives for monitoring their submitted INDCs. In particular, the sustainability and effectiveness of the Paris Agreement are questioned in the post-2020 period due to the fact that the responsibilities of developed and developing countries are different and INDCs have not been submitted in a common format. In this study, starting from the construction process of the Paris Agreement, a critical evaluation of the system to be established and the processes to be completed will be followed. At the end of the study, recommendations will be made especially for developing countries to carry out the emission reduction process in a more transparent manner.

PARİS ANLAŞMASININ UYGULANMA SÜREÇLERDEKİ ZORLUKLAR: BÜYÜK FOSİL YAKIT ÜRETİCİLERİ ÖRNEĞİ

Gelişmiş ve sanayileşmiş ülkelerin seragazı emisyon azaltımını niceliksel olarak belirleyen ve maliyet etkin azaltma mekanizmalarını tanımlayan Kyoto Protokolü’nün yerine yeni bir iklim değişikliği anlaşmasının hazırlanması gerekmiştir. Kyoto Protokolü, yeterli sayıda ülke için seragazı emisyonu azaltma taahhüdünü tanımlamamıştır. Kyoto Protokolü iklim değişikliğiyle mücadele için hakkaniyet temelli sorumluluk paylaşımını da sağlamamıştır. Bu ihtiyaçlar doğrultusunda, Paris Anlaşması, 2011-2015 yılları arasındaki iklim değişikliği müzakerelerinin sonunda Birleşmiş Milletler İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi’nin (BMİDÇS) 21. Tarafların Konferansı sonucunda 2015 yılında kabul edilmiştir. Paris Anlaşması 4 Kasım 2016'da yürürlüğe girmiş ve 2020 yılı sonrası anlaşmanın uygulama dönemini kapsamaktadır. Müzakerelerin aşağıdan yukarıya taahhüt verme yöntemini izlenmesi ve tercih etmesi nedeniyle, 2020 yılına kadar aşamalı ve ek seragazı emisyon azaltma gereksinimleri (INDCs 2.0) güncellenmiş Niyet Edilen Ulusal Katkı Beyanları (INDC'ler) olarak verecek olmaları kritik önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, büyük fosil yakıt üreticilerinin durumu, sundukları INDC'lerin izlenmesine yönelik kurumsal ve iklim politikası perspektifleri açısından incelenmiştir. Özellikle, Paris Anlaşması'nın sürdürülebilirliği ve etkinliği, gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerin sorumluluklarının farklı olması ve INDC'lerin ortak bir formatta sunulmaması nedeniyle 2020 sonrası dönemde sorgulanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Paris Anlaşması'nın yapım sürecinden başlayarak kurulacak sistemin ve tamamlanacak süreçlerin eleştirel bir değerlendirmesi yapılacaktır. Çalışmanın sonunda, özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerin seragazı emisyon azaltma sürecini daha şeffaf bir şekilde yürütmeleri için öneriler yapılacaktır.

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Turkish Studies - Economics, Finance, Politics-Cover

ISSN: 2667-5625
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 4 Sayı
Başlangıç: 2006
Yayıncı: ASOS Eğitim Bilişim Danışmanlık Otomasyon Yayıncılık Reklam Sanayi ve Ticaret LTD ŞTİ