Zeytinyağı Üretim Atıklarının Biyolojik Aktiviteleri ve Gıdalarda Kullanım Potansiyeli

Zeytinyağı üretimi sırasında atık su ve prina olmak üzere iki çeşit atık ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu atıklar yüksek oranda biyokimyasal ve kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacına sahip oldukları için çevreye zararlı etkileri bulunmaktadır. Ancak, bu zararlarının yanısıra zeytinin içerdiği birçok biyoaktif bileşik yağa işleme sırasında atıklara geçmektedir. Hidroksitirozol, tirozol ve oleuropein hem zeytinyağı atık suyunda hem de prinada baskın olarak bulunan biyoaktif bileşenler olup, bu bileşikler insan sağlığını olumlu etkileyen birçok biyoaktiviteye sahiptir. Yapılan bilimsel araştırmalar sonucunda hidroksitirozol, tirozol ve oleuropein bileşiklerinin insan vücudunda antioksidan aktivite, antienflamatuar etki, kardiyoprotektif etki, nöroprotektif etki, kemoprevansiyon özellik, antidiyabetik etki, antimikrobiyal ve antiviral etki gibi çeşitli biyoaktiviteler gösterdiği kanıtlanmıştır. Bu atıklar içerdikleri biyoaktif bileşenler nedeniyle gıda, kozmetik ve ilaç sektörü gibi çeşitli sektörlerde yeniden değerlendirilmektedir. Atık su ve prinanın içerdiği fenolik bileşikler, pektik polisakkaritler ve lifler sayesinde gıda sektöründe doğal koruyucu, antioksidan, fonksiyonel gıda üretiminde zenginleştirici bileşen, ambalaj materyali şeklinde kullanılabileceği yapılan bilimsel çalışmalarla bildirilmiştir. Bu derlemede zeytinyağı üretim atıkları olan atık su ve prinanın üretim yöntemleri, kimyasal ve biyolojik özelliklerinden bahsedilmiş olup bu atıkların gıda sektöründeki kullanım potansiyelini araştıran çalışmalar derlenmiştir.

Biological Activities of Olive Oil Wastes and Their Potential for Use in Foods

During the production of olive oil two types of waste are generated: wastewater and olive pomace. Since these wastes have high biochemical and chemical oxygen needs, they have harmful effects on the environment. However, in addition to these damages, many bioactive compounds in olive are transferred to wastewater and pomace during oil processing. Hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and oleuropein are bioactive components that are dominantly found in both olive oil wastewater and pomace, and these compounds have many bioactivities that positively affect human health. As a result of scientific studies, it has been proven that hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and oleuropein compounds exhibit various bioactivities such as antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effect, cardioprotective effect, neuroprotective effect, chemoprevention properties, antidiabetic effect, antimicrobial and antiviral effect. These wastes are recycled in various sectors such as food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals due to the bioactive components they contain. It has been reported by scientific studies that wastewater and pomace contain phenolic compounds, pectic polysaccharides and fibers. These can be used as natural preservatives, antioxidants, food enrichers, packaging materials in the food industry. In this review, the production methods, chemical and biological properties of olive oil wastewater and pomace and studies investigating the use potential of these wastes in the food sector are compiled.

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