Ruminantlarda Metan Salınımı, Azaltma Stratejileri ve Ölçüm Yöntemleri

Hayvancılık sektörü, antropojenik sera gazı emisyonlarına katkıda bulunarak iklim değişikliğinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Özellikle ruminant hayvanlarının üretim sistemlerinde sera gazı salınımının azaltılmasına yönelik çalışmalar küresel çapta büyük ilgi görmektedir. Metan gazı selüloz, hemiselüloz, pektin ve nişasta gibi hidrolize olmuş karbonhidratların rumende mikrobiyal fermantasyona uğraması sonucunda oluşmaktadır. Ruminantlar küresel sera gazı emisyonlarının yaklaşık %16’sına, küresel antropojenik metan emisyonlarının da %33’üne katkıda bulunmaktadır. Atmosferdeki metanın yarılanma ömrünün 12,4 yıl olduğu tahmin edilmekte olup radyoaktif etkisi ve küresel ısınma potansiyeli dikkate alındığında bu süre önemlidir. Dünya nüfusunun artması ile birlikte beslenmek için hayvansal ürünlere olan talep yükselecek ve daha fazla hayvansal üretime gereksinim duyulacak, bunun sonucunda metan emisyonuda yükselecektir. Hayvansal üretimi düşürmeden metan emisyonunun azaltılması önem kazanmaktadır. Bu derlemede, ruminant hayvanlardan kaynaklı metan salınımı, azaltma yolları ve ölçüm yöntemleri incelenmiştir.

Methane Emissions, Reduction Strategies and Measurement Methods in Ruminants

The livestock sector plays an important role in climate change by contributing to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Studies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in production systems of ruminant animals are of particular interest all over the world. Methane gas is formed as a result of microbial fermentation of hydrolyzed carbohydrates such as cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and starch in the rumen. Ruminants contribute approximately 16% of global greenhouse gas emissions and 33% of global anthropogenic methane emissions. Considering its radioactive effect and global warming potential, it is estimated that the life of methane in the atmosphere, which is an important factor, will reach its half point in 12.4 years. With the increase in the world's population, the demand for animal products for nutritional purposes will need more animals and therefore total methane emissions will increase. Reducing methane emissions without reducing animal production is of critical value. In this review, methane release from ruminant animals, its reduction ways and measurement methods were examined.

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