Buğday Üreten Çiftçilerin İklim Değişikliğine Uyumunun Önündeki Engeller; Çorum İli Örneği

Son on yılda etkisi artarak hissedilen küresel iklim değişimi özellikle 2020 ve 2021 yıllarında Türkiye’de pek çok bölgede kendini daha çok hissettirmiş ve ciddi bir sıcaklık artışı, seller ve orman yangıları görülmüştür. İklim değişimi en çok savunmasız durumdaki tarımsal üretim üzerinde etkili olmaktadır. İklim değişimine çiftçilerin uyumu; gıda fiyatları ve tarımsal üretimin sürdürülebilmesi bakımından önemli olması nedeniyle çiftçilerin iklim değişimine uyumunun önündeki engellerin tespit edilmesi önemlidir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, tarım arazisinin %37'sinde buğday üretilen Çorum ilindeki buğday üreten çiftçilerin iklim değişimine uyumunun önündeki engelleri araştırmaktır. Bu amaca ulaşmak için 424 çiftçi ile anket yapılarak çiftçilerin iklim değişimi ‘anlayışı’, ‘algıları’, ‘tutumları’ ve iklim değişimi adaptasyonu önündeki ‘engelleri’ incelenmiştir. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda çiftçiler iklim değişimini ‘su kaynaklarının kuruması’ ve kuraklık artışı’ şeklinde algıladıkları, iklim değişiminin bireysel bir mücadeleden öte ‘değişen iklime uyum sağlamak için hep birlikte çabalanmalı’ şeklinde tutuma sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Bunlara ilave olarak çiftçiler tarafından ‘iklim değişiminin ciddi bir problem’ olarak anlaşıldığı ve tüm bunların sonucunda ‘su kaynaklarına erişim’ eksikliğinin iklim değişimine uyum konusunda en önemli engel olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çiftçilerin iklim değişikliğine adaptasyonunu hızlandırmak, iklim değişikliğinin olumsuz etkilerine karşı korumak ve lokal adaptasyon stratejik planları yapmak için başta çiftçiler olmak üzere politikacılara, sivil toplum örgütlerine, kamuya, özel sektöre, üniversitelere, ulusal ve uluslararası kuruluşlara önemli görevler düşmektedir.

Barriers to Climate Change Adaptation of Wheat Producing Farmers; the Case of Çorum Province-Türkiye

Global climate change, the effect of which has been increasingly felt in the last ten years, has made itself felt more in many regions in Turkey, especially in 2020 and 2021, and a serious temperature increase, floods and forest fires have been seen. Climate change affects the most vulnerable agricultural production. Since the adaptation of farmers to climate change is important in terms of food prices and sustainability of agricultural production, it is important to identify the barriers to adaptation of farmers to climate change. The aim of this research is to investigate the barriers to the adaptation to climate change of wheat producing farmers in Çorum province, where wheat is produced on 37% of the total agricultural land. In order to achieve this aim, 424 farmers were interviewed and their climate change 'understanding', 'perceptions', 'attitudes' and climate change adaptation 'barriers' were examined. As a result of the research, it has been determined that the farmers perceive climate change as "drying of water resources" and “increase in drought”, and they have an attitude that "we should strive together to adapt to the changing climate" rather than an individual struggle. In addition to these, it has been determined that “climate change is perceived as a serious problem” by the farmers and as a result of all these, the lack of “access to water resources” is the most important obstacle in adapting to climate change. In order to accelerate the adaptation of farmers to climate change, to protect them against the negative effects of climate change and to make local adaptation strategic plans, politicians, non-governmental organizations, public, private sector, universities, national and international organizations have important duties.

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