Hassan JALAL, Muhammad AKRAM, Sibel DOĞAN, Sema FIRINCIOĞLU, Nida IRSHAD, Minahil KHAN

Role of Aloe Vera as A Natural Feed Additive in Broiler Production

Phytogenic feed additives have replaced the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in the diet of poultry particularly broiler chickens. Researchers are moving towards the use of natural products such as herbs, spices, plants and plant products, which possess influential effects on growth performance parameters, immune response and treatment of various diseases. Aloe vera is a wellknown medicinal plant and is being used for commercial and therapeutic purposes such as antimicrobials, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulator, wound healing, antioxidant and antiprotozoal agents. From a few last decades, the use of Aloe vera has been increased as a natural additive to broiler diet. Based on the review of literature, Aloe vera can improve immune response, growth performance in the broiler, as well as an excellent alternative of AGPs and anticoccidial drugs. It can be used for broiler diet in the form of gel, powder, ethanolic extract and aqueous extract. This review provides information about the use of Aloe vera in broiler production with reference to the effects on growth performance, immune system, intestinal microflora and coccidiosis in broiler chickens.

PDF

___

Ahlawat KS, Khatkar BS. 2011. Processing, food applications and safety of Aloe vera products: a review. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 48: 525–533

Akhtar M, Hai A, Awais MM, Iqbal Z, Muhammad F, Anwar MI. 2012. Immunostimulatory and protective effects of Aloe vera against coccidiosis in industrial broiler chickens. Vet. Parasitol., 186: 170–177.

Akram MZ, Zaman MA, Jalal H, Yousaf S, Khan AY, Farooq MZ, Tauseef-ur-Rehaman AS, Qamar MF, Bowman DD. 2019a. Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Captive Birds in Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 39: 132-134.

Akram MZ, Salman M, Jalal H, Asghar U, Ali Z, Javed MH, Khan M. 2019b. Evaluation of dietary supplementation of Aloe vera as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broiler production. Turkish journal of veterinary research, 3: 21-26.

Alemi F., Mahdavi A., Ghazvinian K., Ghaderi M., Darabighane B. (2012). The ef fects of different levels of Aloe vera gel powder on antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus and performance in broilers. Proc. International Poultry Scientific Forum, Georgia World Congress Center, Atlanta, Georgia, 23–24.01.2012, pp: 47.

Besharatian M., Arshami J., Valizade R., Tahmasebi A., Bahari Kashani R. (2012). Effects of Aloe vera leaf powder and extract on immune response in broilers. Proc. 5th Iranian Congress on Animal Science, Isfahan, Iran, pp: 366–370.

Dai B, Jiang L, Chen S. 2007. Effects of medicinal herb and polysaccharide from Aloe on gut microflora, immune function and growth performance in broiler. China Poultry, 29: 21–24.

Darabighane B, Zarei A, Shahneh AZ. 2012. The effects of different levels of Aloe vera gel on ileum microflora population and immune response in broilers: a comparison to antibiotic effects. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 40: 31–36.

Darabighane B, Zarei A, Zare Shahneh A, Mahdavi A. 2011. Effects of different levels of Aloe vera gel as an alternative to antibiotic on performance and ileum morphology in broilers. Ital. J. Anim. Sci., 10: 189–194.

Djeraba A, Quere P. (2000). In vivo macrophage activation in chickens with Acemannan, a complex carbohydrate extracted from Aloe vera. Int. J. Immunopharmaco., 22: 365–372.

Guo F, Kwakkel R, Williams B, Parmentier H, Li W, Yang Z, Verstegen M. 2004. Effects of mushroom and herb polysaccharides on cellular and humoral immune responses of Eimeria tenella-infected chickens. Poultry Sci., 83: 1124– 1132.

Harlev E, Nevo E, Lansky EP, Ofir R, Bishayee A. (2012). Anticancer potential of Aloes: antioxidant, antiproliferative, and immunostimulatory attributes. Planta Med., 78: 843–852.

Hassan beigy-Lakeh Z, Roustaee Ali-Mehr M, Haghighian- Roudsari M. 2012. Effect of Aloe gel on broiler performance. Proc. 5th Iranian Congress on Animal Science, Isfahan, Iran, pp: 973–977.

Jiang L, Feng Y, Yang X, Zhou X, Yang D. 2005. Effects of gel, polysaccharide and acemannan from Aloe vera on broiler gut flora, microvilli density, immune function and growth performance. Chinese J. Vet. Sci., 25: 668–671.

Karaca K, Sharma JM, Nordgren R. 1995. Nitric oxide production by chicken macrophages activated by Acemannan, a complex carbohydrate extracted from Aloe vera. Int. J. Immunopharmaco., 17: 183–188.

Loh TC, Thanh NT, Foo HL, Hair-Bejo M, Azhar BK. 2010. Feeding of different levels of metabolite combinations produced by Lactobacillus plantarum on growth performance, fecal microflora, volatile fatty acids and villi height in broilers. Animal Science Journal, 81: 205–214.

Mahdavi A, Alemi F, Ghazvinian K, Ghaderi M, Darabighane B. 2012. Study of effects of different levels of Aloe vera gel powder on antibody titre against sheep red blood cells and other blood parameters in broilers. British Poultry Abstracts, 8: 49–50.

Miles RD, Butcher GD, Henry PR, Littell RC. 2006. Effect of antibiotic growth promoters on broiler performance, intestinal growth parameters and qualitative morphology. Poultry Science, 85: 476–485.

Mwale M, Bhebhe E, Chimonyo M, Halimani T. 2006. The in vitro studies on the effect of Aloe vera ((L.) Webb. and Berth.) and Aloe spicata (L. f.) on the control of coccidiosis in chickens. Int. J. Appl. Res. Vet. M., 4: 128–133.

Olupona JA, Omotoso OR, Adeyeye AA, Kolawole OD, Airemionkhale AP, Adejinmi OO. 2010. Effect of aloe vera juice application through drinking water on performance, carcass characteristics, hematology and organoleptics properties in broilers. Poultry Sci., 88: 42.

Paulsen BS, Fagerheim E, Øverbye E. 1978. Structural studies of the polysaccharide from aloe plicatilis miller. Carbohydrates Research, 60: 345–351.

Pourhossein Z, Qotbi AAA, Seidavi A, Laudadio V, Centoducati G, Tufarelli V. 2015. Effect of different levels of dietary sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel extract on humoral immune system responses in broiler chickens. Animal Science Journal, 86: 105–110.

Radha MH, Laxmipriya NP. 2015. Evaluation of biological properties and clinical effectiveness of Aloe vera: A systematic review. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, 5: 21–26.

Reynolds T. 1985. The compounds in aloe leaf exudates - a review. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 90:157– 177.

Sabeh F, Wright T, Norton SJ. 1996. Isozymes of superoxidedismutase from aloe vera. Enzyme and Protein, 49: 212–221.

Salim HM, Kang HK, Akter N, Kim DW, Kim JH, Kim MJ. 2013. Supplementation of direct-fed microbials as an alternative to antibiotic on growth performance, immune response, cecal microbial population, and ileal morphology of broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 92: 2084–2090

Shokraneh M, Ghalamkari Gh, Toghyani M, Tabeidian SA, Taghizadeh M, Landy N, Fekri F. 2012. Effect of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) gel in drinking water on some of the immune responses in broiler chickens. Proc. 5th Iranian Congress on Animal Science, Isfahan, Iran. pp: 791–795.

Sinurat AP, Purwadaria T, Togatorop MH, Pasaribu T, Bintang IAK, Sitom-pul S, Rosida J. 2002. Responses of broilers to Aloe vera bioactives as feed additive: the effect of different forms and levels of bioactives on performances of broilers. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner, 7: 69–75.

Strickland FM. 2001. Immune regulation by polysaccharides: Implications for skin cancer. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology Biology, 63(1–3):132–140.

Sun Z, Wei K, Yan Z, Zhu X, Wang X, Wang H, Tan Y, Sheng P, Zhu R. 2011. Effect of immunological enhancement of aloe polysaccharide on chickens immunized with Bordetella avium inactivated vaccine. Carbohyd. Polym., 86: 684–690.

Suzuki, I, Saito H, Inoue S, Migita S, Takahashi T. 1979.Purification and characterization of two lectins from aloe arbores-cens mill. The Journal of Biochemistry, 85: 163– 171

Valle-Paraso M, Vidamo P, Anunciado R, Lapitan A. 2005. Effects of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) on the white blood cell count and antibody titre of broiler chickens vaccinated against Newcastle disease. Philipp. J. Vet. Med., 42: 49–52.

Waihenya R, Mtambo M, Nkwengulila G. 2002. Evaluation of the efficacy of the crude extract of Aloe secundiflora in chickens experimentally infected with Newcastle disease virus. J. Ethnopharmacol., 79: 299–304.

Yim D, Kang SS, Kim DW, Kim SH, Lillehoj HS, Min W. 2011. Protective effects of Aloe vera-based diets in Eimeria maxima-infected broiler chickens. Experimental Parasitology, 127: 322–325.

Zhang L, Tizard IR. 1996. Activation of a mouse macrophage cell line by acemannan: The major carbohydrate fraction from Aloe vera gel. Immunopharmacology, 35: 119–128.