Bazı Antagonist Trichoderma ve Endofitik Acremonium İzolatlarının Fusarium Kök ve Kök-Boğazı Çürüklüğü Hastalıklarına Karşı Etkinliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Patojenik organizmalara karşı antagonist mikroorganizmaların kullanımı, organik tarım alanlarında bitki verim ve kalitesini artırmak için önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, toprak kökenli F. culmorum (FC) ve F. oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici (FORL) patojenlerine karşı antagonist ve endofitik özellikteki bazı fungal izolatların biyolojik mücadelede kullanım potansiyelinin belirlenmesidir. Bu amaçla sağlıklı buğday bitkilerinden izole edilmiş, endofitik 7 Acremonium spp. izolatı ile organik sebze yetiştiriciliği yapılan arazi topraklarından elde edilmiş, antagonist 8 Trichoderma spp.’ye ait izolat, biyolojik mücadele ajanı (BMA) olarak kullanılmıştır. BMA’ların hif ve misel yapılarını içeren besi ortamları ile patojen FC ve FORL izolatlarının (106 spor/ml) spor süspansiyonları, buğday tohumu ve domates fidelerine inokulasyonda kullanılmıştır. Hasat edilen bitkiler, bitki çıkışı (%), kök-boğazı çürüklüğü hastalık şiddeti (H.Ş.) (% ve skala), bitki boyu (cm), bitki yaş ve kuru ağırlıklarına (gr) göre istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, buğdayda Acremonium spp. izolatları, Trichoderma izolatlarına göre hastalık şiddetini önemli oranda azaltmıştır (Ort. H.Ş=%47,5
The Determination of Their Efficiency Against Fusarium Root and Crown Rot Diseases of Some Antagonistic Trichoderma and Endophytic Acremonium Isolates
The use of antagonist microorganisms against pathogenic organisms in organic agricultural systems was promising for biological control approach. The aim of this study was to determination of the potential biological control of some fungal isolates which characterized as endophytic and antagonistic against soil borne Fusarium culmorum (FC) and F. oxysporum f.sp. radicis lycopersici (FORL) pathogens. For this, seven isolates of endophytic Acremonium spp. that isolated from healthy wheat plants and eight isolates of antagonist Trichoderma spp., isolated from soil of organic vegetable areas, were performed as biological control agents (BCA). The agar media with hypha and mycelia of the BCAs and spore suspensions (106 spores/ml) of FC and FORL were treated for inoculation of wheat seeds and tomato seedlings. The harvested plants were statistically analyzed by some parameters (severity of crown rot disease (%DS and scale), plant lengths (cm) etc.). In conclusion, the Acremonium isolates (47.5%) were lower means of disease severity than Trichoderma isolates (74.6%) for FC and FORL assessments in wheat experiment. In tomato, the averages of disease severity between Acremonium and Trichoderma were similar while their means were lower than positive control (The Scale of DS=0.67
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