Düşük Sosyo-Ekonomik Düzeydeki Ergenlerde Olumsuz Yaşam Olayları, Özdenetim Becerisi ve Problem Davranışlar

Bu çalışma, düşük sosyo-ekonomik düzeyden gelen erken ergenlik dönemindeki bireyler tarafından deneyimlenen olumsuz yaşam olayları ile problem davranışlar arasındaki ilişkiyi ve özdenetimin bu ilişkideki aracı rolünü incelemektedir. Araştırmanın örneklemi, İstanbul, Esenler'de yaşayan, 7. ve 8. sınıfta öğrenim gören 358 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada Demografik Bilgi Formu, Olumsuz Yaşam Olayları Listesi, Özdenetim Ölçeği ve problem davranışları ölçmek amacıyla 11-18 Yaş Ergenler için Kendini Değerlendirme Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Ergenler tarafından rapor edilen olumsuz yaşam olaylarının, içe yönelim ve dışa yönelim problemleri ile doğrudan ilişkisini, özdenetim aracılığıyla da dolaylı ilişkisini test etmek amacıyla yol (path) analizi; model testlerinin cinsiyetler arası karşılaştırılmasında da çoklu grup yol (path) analizi kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, ergenlerin deneyimledikleri olumsuz yaşam olayları sayısının, içe yönelim ve dışa yönelim problemlerini hem doğrudan hem de özdenetim becerisi üzerinden dolaylı olarak yordadığı görülmektedir. Deneyimlenen olumsuz yaşam olayı sayısı arttıkça özdenetimdeki başarı azalmakta, içe yönelim ve dışa yönelim problemleri ise artmaktadır. Ayrıca, olumsuz yaşam olaylarının içe yönelim problemlerini, özdenetim becerisinin de dışa yönelim problemlerini daha güçlü yordadığı bulunmuştur. Olumsuz yaşam olayları ve problem davranışlar ilişkisinin, özdenetimin de bu ilişkideki aracı etkisinin cinsiyetler arasında farklılaşmadığı görülmektedir. Bulgular, ergenlik döneminde özdenetim becerilerinin öncülleri ve sonuçlarına ilişkin alanyazın temelinde tartışılmıştır.

Negative Life Events, Behavior Problems and Self-Regulation of Adolescents from Low Socio-Economic Status

The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between negative life events and emotional-behavioral problems among adolescents from low SES; and the mediator role of self-regulation (SR) in this relationship. The study consisted of a sample of 358 7th and 8th grade-students living in Esenler neighborhood, İstanbul. Students were asked to complete a series of questionnaires, including Demographic Information Form, Life Events Checklist, Self-Regulation Inventory and Youth Self Report (YSR). Path Analysis was run to examine the associations between negative life events and internalizing-externalizing problems via self-regulation. Stability of these relationships across gender was also examined by multiple-group path analysis. Results showed that negative life events predicted both internalizing and externalizing problems directly and indirectly via self-regulation. As the number of negative life events increased, the level of self-regulation skills deteriorated, in turn, it predicted internalizing and externalizing problems. Negative life events more strongly predicted internalizing problems than externalizing problems, whereas self-regulation more strongly predicted externalizing problems than internalizing problems. Besides, the relationship between negative life events and emotional-behavioral problems, and the mediator role of self-regulation in the link between negative life events and problem behaviors did not change across gender. These findings were discussed in relation to the relevant literature focusing on the indicators and outcomes of self-regulation skills among adolescents.

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