Türkiye'de Çocuk ve Yoksulluğu: Ölçüm Yöntemleri ve Yoksulluğun Belirleyicileri

Bu çalışmanın amacı çocuk yoksulluğunun boyutunu farklı göstergeler ışığında incelemek ve yoksulluğun belirleyicilerini tesbit ederek olası müdahale alanlarına ışık tutmaktır. Çalışmanın sonuçları, çocuk yoksulluğunun boyutunun kullanılan gösterge ile değiştiğini, tüketim yoksulluğunun gelir yoksulluğundan daha düşük olduğunu ve kadın ve çocuk emeğinin yoksulluğu azaltıcı etkide bulunduğunu göstermiştir. Yoksulluğun belirleyicileri kullanılan yoksulluk göstergesi ile değişmekle beraber, teoride beklenen sonuçlara paralel olarak yoksulluk riskinin hanenin sahip olduğu üretim kaynaklarıyla doğrudan ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Yine beklenildiği üzere hanedeki bağımlı sayısı arttıkça yoksulluk riski artmaktadır. Hane reisinin çalışma durumunun ve bulunduğu sektörün özellikle de gelir yoksulluğunun önemli belirleyicileri arasında bulunduğu, kamuda olduğu gibi uzun soluklu ve devamlılığı olan işlere sahip hane reislerinin çocuk yoksulluğunu düşürdüğü görülmektedir. Hanehalkı reisinin çalışamama durumunun ise çocuk yoksulluğu için büyük bir risk teşkil ettiği ve yoksullukla mücadelede bu hanelerin/çocukların öncelik taşıması gerekliliği ortaya çıkmaktadır.

Indicators and Determinants of Child Poverty in Turkey

The purpose of this study is to investigate child poverty and its determinants in Turkey. The results show that the incidence of child poverty changes with the definition used, with consumption poverty generally yielding smaller figures than when poverty is measured in terms of household income. Results also show that women’s and children’s work efforts are instrumental in reducing the incidence of poverty. Although the determinants of child poverty changes with the indicators used to measure it, the results are generally in agreement with the theory that poverty very much depends on the resource base of the household and the number of dependents. As would be expected, higher dependency ratios lead to higher rates of poverty among children. The employment status of the household head and the sector he/she is in are important determinants of poverty. Household heads with regular, long-term jobs such as in the public sector reduces the risk of poverty. To the contrary, household heads who are unable to work greatly increase the incidence of poverty among children. In the fight against child poverty, children from such households need to be given top priority.

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