Rukiye TIPIRDAMAZ, Mahmut DOĞAN, A. Nihal GÖMÜRGEN, Dürdane KOLANKAYA

Determination of toxicity of pulp-mill effluents by using allium test

Arıtım uygulamasının kağıt fabrikası artık sularının toksititesi üzerinde etkisi arıtım öncesi (A) ve arıtım sonrası atık suları (B) ile ve Allium testi kullanılarak çalışılmıştır. Allium cepa' nın atık su örnekleri ile muamele edilmesi kontrolleri ile karşılaştırıldığında kök büyümesinde inhibisyona neden olmuştur. Büyüme inhibisyon değerleri A ve B örnekleri için sırasıyla % 55.72 ve %48.33 olarak belirlenmiştir. Kök ucu hücrelerinin atık su örnekleri ile muamele edilmesi bu hücrelerde c-mitozu, laggard kromozom, fragment ve köprüler içeren anafaz, kromozom sıkışıklığı şeklinde sitolojik anomalilere neden olmuştur. A ve B örnekleri ile muamele edilen hücrelerde c-mitoz sırasıyla %47.7 ve %53.3 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Toplam kromozom anomaliliği dikkate alındığında laggard kromozomal fragmentler ve köprü formasyonu A örneği ile muamele edilenler için % 26.6 ve B örneği ile muamele edilenler için ise %33.3 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Kromozom yapışıklığı A ve B örnekleri için sırasıyla %12.2 ve %10.6 olarak belirlenmiştir. A örneğinin neden olduğu banded kromozom anomalisi hücrelerde %13.3 oranında gözlenmiştir. B örneği uygulamalarında banded kromozom ve multipolar hücre formasyonu çok düşük sıklıkta görülmüştür.

Kağıt fabrikası atık sularının toksik etkisinin allium testi ile belirlenmesi

In order to evaluate the effect of wastewater treatment process on toxicity of Kraft mill effluent, wastewater samples prior (A) and after the treatment (B) was examined by using the modified Allium test. Treatment of A. cepa bulbs with wastewater samples has caused inhibition to root growth when compared with the controls. Growth inhibition values for wastewater samples, A and B, were determined 55.72 % and 48.33 %, respectively. Treatment of root tip cells with wastewater samples led to cytological abnormalities including c-mitosis, anaphase with laggard chromosome, fragment and bridges and chromosome stickness in root-tip cells. Percentages of the c-mitosis were 47.7% and 53.3% for root-tip cells treated with A and B samples, respectively. Taking the total aberrations into account, percentages of laggard chromosomal fragment and bridge formations were 26.6% for those treated with sample A and 33.3% with sample B. Chromosome stickiness were determined 12.2% and 10.6% for samples A and B, respectively. Banded chromosome was observed at the frequency of 13.3% of aberrant cells caused by sample A. Banded chromosome and multipolar cell formation were rarely observed in treatments with sample B.

PDF

___

APHA, 1985. 'Standard Methods for the Examination of water and waste water', 16 th Edition, American Public Health Association. Washington, D.C.
Bjorseth. A. 1981. Halogenated organic compounds in spent bleach liquor: Determination, mutagenity testing and bioaccumulation. Capt 55. In: Advances in the Identification and Analysis of Organic Pollutants in Water (eds L.H.Keith.) Ann Arbor Sci., 2,1115.
Bond, D. J. 1986. 'Mechanism of aneuploid induction', in Proceedings of the XVII th Annual Meeting 25-30, August (1986) Bruxeles, Belgium, 34.
Brinkley, B. R., A. Tousson, and M. M Valdiva, 1985. The Kinetochore of Mammalian Chromosomes: Structure and Function in Normal Mitosis and Aneuploidy In: Aneuploidy, Etiology and Mechanisms (eds V.L Dellarco, P.E. Voytek, & A.Hollaender, pp.243. Plenum Press, N.Y.
De Serrez, F. J. 1978. Introduction: Utilisation of higher plant systems as monitors of environmental mutagens. Environ.Health.Perspect., 27, 3-6.
Fiskesjö, G. 1975. Chromosomal relationship between three species of Allium as revealed by C-banding. Hereditas, 81, 23-31.
Fiskesjö, G. 1985. The Allium test as a standard in environmental monitoring. Hereditas, 102, 99-112.
Fiskesjö, G. 1988. The Allium test-an alternative in environmental studies: The relative toxicity of metal ions. Mutation Research, 197, 243-260.
Gömürgen, A. N. 1993. Production of induced tetraploid (2n=28) plant by colchicine treatment from diploid (2n=14) crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Geartn.). Doğa Tr.J.of Botany, 17,71-79.
Hoda, Q. and S. P. Sinha, 1993. Vitamin C-mediated minimisation of Rogor-induced genotoxicity, Mutation Research, 299(1)29-36.
Levit, J. 1972. Responses of Plants to Environmental Stresses, Academic Press N.Y.
Liang, J. C. and B. R .Brinkley, 1985. 'Chemical Probes and Possible Targets for the Induction of Aneuploidy1, in Aneuploidy, Etiology and Mechanisms, Delarko.V.L., Voytek.P.E. and Hollaender, A., (eds.), Plenum Press, N.Y.,178.
Lopez Saez, J. F., G. Gimenez-Martin and A. Gonzales-Fernandez, 1966. Duration of the cell division cycle and its dependence on temperature. Z. Zellforsch., 75, 591-600.
Priha, M. H. and E. T. Talka, 1985. Biological activity of BKME Practions and Process Streams. 71 st. Ann. Mtg.Canadian Pulp and Paper Assoc.
Vidakovic, Z., D. Papes and M. Tomic, 1993. Toxicity of waste drilling fluids in modified Allium test, Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 69,413-423.
Vig, B. K. 1978. Somatic mosaicim in plants with special reference to somatic Environ.Health.Perspect, 27, 27-36.
Yee, V. F. and T. L. Rost, 1982. Polyethylene glycol induced water stress in Vicia faba seedlings: cell division, DNA synthesis and possible role for cotyledons. Cytologia, 47, 615-624.