Ekonomik Özgürlük ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Çin Örneği

Bu çalışmada 2001 yılında Dünya Ticaret Örgütüne katılan Çin örnekleminde 1995 – 2020 yılları arasındaki dönemde ekonomik özgürlüğün ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Çalışmada literatürden farklı olarak ekonomik özgürlüğü temsilen ticaret özgürlüğü, yatırım özgürlüğü, finansal özgürlük bileşenlerinden oluşan piyasa açıklığı kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada FMOLS ve CCR yöntemleriyle yapılan analizler sonucunda ticaret ve yatırım özgürlüklerinin ekonomik büyümeyi pozitif etkilediği, finansal özgürlüklerin ise ekonomik büyüme üzerinde negatif etkili olduğu sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada değişkenler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi Granger nedensellik yöntemi ile incelenmiş olup ticaret, yatırım ve finansal özgürlükten ekonomik büyüme doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar ticaret ve yatırım özgürlükleri için uygulanan politikalara devam edilmesi ve genişletilmesi durumunda ekonomik büyüme üzerinde olumlu sonuçlar sağlanacağını göstermektedir. Finansal özgürlük kapsamında ise sonuçlar Çin’in hükümet kontrollerini azaltması ve finans sektörünün serbestleştirilmesi için gerekli politikaları uluslararası kurallar çerçevesinde hayata geçirmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir. Finansal özgürlüklerin genişletilmesi için uygulamaya konulacak politikalarda özellikle bankacılık sektörünün verimliliğine dikkat edilmesi önemli görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Ekonomik Büyüme, Ekonomik Özgürlük, Ticaret Özgürlüğü, Yatırım Özgürlüğü, Finansal Özgürlük

The Relationship Between Economic Freedom and Economic Growth: The Example of China

IIn this study, the effect of economic freedom on economic growth between 1995 and 2020 in the sample of China, which joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, was examined. In the study, market openness, which consists of the components of trade freedom, investment freedom, financial freedom, is used to represent economic freedom, unlike the literature. As a result of the analyzes made with FMOLS and CCR methods in the study, it was concluded that trade and investment freedoms have a positive effect on economic growth, while financial freedoms have a negative effect on economic growth. In addition, the causality relationship between the variables was examined with the Granger causality method in the study and it was concluded that there was a one-way causality relationship from trade, investment and financial freedom to economic growth. The results show that if the policies implemented for trade and investment freedoms are continued and expanded, positive results will be achieved on economic growth. Within the scope of financial freedom, the results show that China should reduce government controls and implement the necessary policies within the framework of international rules in order to liberalize the financial sector. It is considered important to pay particular attention to the efficiency of the banking sector in the policies to be implemented to expand financial freedoms.

Keywords:

Economic Growth, Economic Freedom, Trade Freedom, Invesment Freedom, Financial Freedom,

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