2003 Sonrası Irak Dış Politika Karar Yapımına Etki Eden Faktörler

Ulus-altı kimliklerin ulusal kimliklerden güçlü olduğu toplumlarda/ülkelerde dış politika analizi zordur. Bu tipolojideki ülkeler için, siyasi çizgileri ulus-altı kimliklere göre çizilmiştir ve istikrarlı ulusal bir dış politika yoktur varsayımı yapılır. Irak Devleti de bu duruma örnek gösterilen ülkelerden biridir. Irak’ta 2003 sonrası ulus-altı kimlikler ile siyaset yapan partiler sisteme hâkim oldular. Aynı zamanda, Irak siyasetinde ön plana çıkan yeni aktörler bu süreçte dış desteği de önemsediler. Bu olgular, Irak’ta iktidarların ulusal bir dış politika izlemedikleri düşüncesini doğurdu. Bu çalışma, Irak’ta dış politikanın sadece kimliklere göre belirlendiği iddiasına karşı çıkmaktadır. Çalışmada, 2003 sonrası Irak dış politika yapımına etki eden iç faktörler, Irak dış politikası ve Irak’ın diğer ülkeler ile ilişkileri analiz edilerek Irak dış politikasına dair kapsamlı bir bakış geliştirilmeye çalışıldı. Bu bağlamda, Irak dış politika yapım sürecinde ulus-altı kimliklerin belirleyiciliğinin güçlü olduğu görüldü; ancak, Irak dış politika yapımına dair analizleri sadece kimliklere indirgemenin doğru bilgiye ulaştıran kapsamlı bir analiz için yeterli olmayacağı sonucuna varıldı.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Irak, Dış Politika Karar Yapımı, Kimlik, Türkiye

Factors Determining Iraqi Foreign Policy Decision-Making After 2003

Foreign policy analysis of societies/countries where sub-national identities are stronger than national identities is difficult. The countries, in this typology, is assumed that there is no stable national foreign policy because their political lines are drawn according to sub-national identities. Iraq is one of the countries that is shown as an example to this situation. After 2003, political parties with sub-national identities dominated the system in Iraq. At the same time, the new actors that came to the fore in Iraqi politics also attach importance to foreign support in this process. These facts gave rise to the idea that the governments in the Iraqi State did not follow a national foreign policy. This study opposes the claim that foreign policy in Iraq is determined only by identities. In the study, after 2003, internal factors affecting Iraqi foreign policy making, Iraqi foreign policy and Iraq relations with other states were analyzed and a comprehensive view of Iraqi foreign policy was tried to be developed. In this context, it is seen that sub-national identities are strong factors in the Iraqi foreign policy making process; however, it was concluded that reducing the analyzes of Iraqi foreign policy making to identities alone would not be sufficient for a comprehensive analysis that yields accurate information.

Keywords:

Iraq, Foreign Policy Decision Making, Identity, Türkiye,

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