FAHRİ YİĞİT, Keziban ARIKAN, Yasemin Y. BALABAN

Patojen olmayan fusarium türleri ile domateste Fusarium kök çürüklüğü hastalığının biyolojik kontrolü üzerinde bir araştırma

Domateste Fusarium kök boğazı ve kök çürüklüğü hastalığını patojen olmayan Fusarium türleri ile kontrol etmek ama-cıyla farklı Gramineae türleri ve domates bitkilerinin rizosferlerinden izole edilen 40 farklı patojen olmayan Fusarium izolatları saksı denemesi şeklinde test edilmiştir. Perlit-kepek ortamında yetiştirilen patojen saksı toprağına 1/19 oranında bulaştırılmıştır. İnokulasyondan iki gün sonra domates fidelerinin kökleri her bir antagonistin spor solüsyonu içine (yaklaşık 108 cfu/ml) daldırılarak bulaşık saksı toprağına dikilmiştir. 10 hafta sonra 0-4 skalası kullanılarak yapılan değerlendirmede D18, G39, G5, D8, D23, D25 ve D38 izolatları hastalığı diğerlerine göre daha iyi kontrol etmiştir. Test edilen izolatlardan D8, G5, G39 ve D18 hastalığı sırasıyla %34.6, 46.4, 64.2 ve 69.6 oranında kontrol altına almıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre farklı konukçulardan izole edilen antagonistlerin domateste biyokontrol ajanı olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir. In vitro koşullarında test edilen ajanlar patojene karşı etkin antagonistik etki göstermemiş olması nedeniyle etki mekanizma-sının konukçu dayanıklılığının uyarılması ve rekabetten kaynaklanabileceği düşünülmüştür

Anahtar Kelimeler:

domates, kök çürükçülleri, biyolojik kontrol, Fusarium, bitki hastalıkları kontrolü, izolasyon

Investigation on the biological control of fusarium root rot in tomato by nonpathogen Fusarium spp.

To control the Fusarium crown and root rot by nonpathogen Fusarium spp., 40 diversity isolates of nonpathogen Fusa-rium spp., from roots of various plants belonging Gramineae and healthy tomato were tested as pot experiment. Pot soil was artificially infested with pathogen fungi grown on perlite-bran medium at 1/19 (v/v). Two days after inoculum, tomato seedl-ings were planted in infested pot soil by dipping the plant roots at transplant in a conidial suspension (108 cfu/ml). After ten weeks using 0-4 scale, isolates D18, G39, G5, D8, D23 and D25 of tested nonpathogen fungi significantly controlled the disease compared to others. Of tested isolates, D8, G5, G39 and D18 controlled the disease by 34.6%, 46.4%, 64.2% and 69.6%, respectively. The results showed that, antagonists isolated from different host would be used as biocontrol agents in disease control in tomato. Because of there was no effective antagonistic effect in dual culture, it was suggested that, mode of action of nonpathogen Fusarium spp. tested would be attributed to induced systemic resistance and competition.

Keywords:

tomatoes, root rots, biological control, Fusarium, plant disease control, isolation,

PDF

___

Alabouvette, C., Lemanceau, P., Steinberg, C., 1993. Recent advances in the biological control of Fusa-rium wilts. Pestic. Sci., 37, 365 – 373.
Benhamou, N., Lafontaine, P.J., Nicole, M., 1994. Induction of systemic resistance to Fusarium crown rot in tomato plants by seed treatment with chitosan. Phytopathology 84, 1422-1444.
Burgess, L.M., Liddell, CM., Summerell, B.A., 1998. Laboratory Mannual for Fusarium Research. 2nd ed. Univ. Sydney, Australia, p. 156
Cal, A. de., Garcia-Lepe, R., Melgarejo, P., 2001. Differential colonization of tomato roots by nonpa-thogenic and pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum strains may influence Fusarium wilt control. Phy-topathology. 91, 5: 449-456.
Eparvier, A., Alabouvetter, C., 1991. Population dy-namics of non-pathogenic Fusarium and fluores-cent Pseudomonas strains in rockwool, a sobstrate for soilless culture. FEMS Microbial Ecol., 86, 177-184.
Eparvier, A., Alabouvetter, C., 1994. Use of ELISA and GUS-transformed strains to study competition between pathogenic and nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum for root colonization. Biocontrol Sci. &Techo, 4, 35-47.
Fuchs, J.G., Moenne-Loccoz, Y., Dfago, G., 1997. Non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum strain Fo47 induces resistance to Fusarium wilt of tomato. Plant Dis., 81, 492-496.
Ishiba, C, Tani, T., Murata, M., 1981. Protection of cucumber against anthracnose by hypovirulent strains of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn., 47: 352-359.
Kloepper, J.W., Leong, J., Teintze, M., Schroth, M.N., 1980. Pseudomonas siderophores: a mechanism explaining disease-suppressive soils. Curr. Micro-biol., 4, 317-320.
Komado, H.,1996. Biocontrol of tomato by previous inoculation with nonpathogenic Fusarium oxyspo-rum in soilness culture. First International Fusa-rium Biocontrol Workshop, Bletsville, Oct, 28-31, pp. 35.
Larkin, R.P., Hopkins, D.L., Martin, F.N., 1993. Ef-fect of successive watermelon planting on Fusa-rium oxysporum and other microorganisms in soil suppressive and conducive to Fusarium wilt of wa-termelon. Phytopathology, 83, 1097-1105.
Lemanceau, P., Alabouvette, C.,1991. Biological control of Fusarium diseases by fluorescent Pseu-domonas and nonpathogenic Fusarium. Crop. Prot. 10, 279 -286.
Louter, J.H., Edgington, I.V., 1990. Indication of cross-protection against Fusarium crown rot of tomato. Can. J. Plant Pathol., 12, 283-288.
Minuto, A., Migheli, Q., Garibaldi, A., 1995. Evalua-tion of antagonistic strains of Fusarium spp. in the biological and integrated control of Fusarium wilt of cyclamen. Crop Protection 14 (3):221-226.
Minuto, A., Minute, G., Mihheli, Q. Mocioni, M., Gullino, M.L., 1997. Effect of antagonistic Fusa-rium spp. and of different commercial biofungicide formulations on Fusarium wilt of basil (Ocimıım basilicum L.). Crop Protection 16 (8):765-769.
Nelson, P.E., Toussoun, T.A., Marasas, W.F.O., 1983. Fusarium species: An Illustrated Manual for Iden-tification. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park.
Ogawa, K., Watanable, K., Komada, H., 1996. Formu-lation of nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum, a biocontrol agent for commercial use. First Interna-tional Fusarium Biocontrol Workshop, Bletsville, (1996), Oct, 28-31. p. 34.
Scher, F.M., Baker, R., 1980. Mechanism of biologi-cal control on Fusarium-suppressive soil. Phytopa-thology, 70, 412-417.
Sesan, T., Oprea, M., Baicu, T., 1993. Studies on the mycoparasitic fungus Fusarium lateridium Nees [Gibberella baccata (Wallr.) Sacc.], Biological control agent to be used against plant pathogenic fungi. Stud. Cerac. Biol. Vegetal., 44, 85-192.
Smith, S.N., Snyder, W.C., 1971. Relationship of inoculum density and soil types to severity of Fu-sarium wilt of sweet potato. Phytopathology, 61, 1049-1051.
Sneh, B., 1998. Use of non-pathogenic or hypoviru-lent fungal strains to protect plants against closely related fungal pathogens. Biotechnology, 16(1): 1-32.
Tamietti, G., Ferraris, L., Matta, A. And Gentile, I.A., 1993. Physiological responses of tomato plants grown in Fusarium suppressive soil. J. Phytopa-thol., 138, 66-76.
Tezuka, N., Makino, T., 1992. Biological control of Fusarium wilt of strawberry by nonpathogenic Fu-sarium oxysporum isolated from strawberry. Ann. Phytopathol. Soc. Jpn., 57, 506-511.