A User-centred materials selection approach for product designers

Kullanıcı odaklı malzeme seçme süreci kullanan tasarım projelerinde, ürünün vurgulanan özelliği teknolojiden kullanıcı- etkileşimli yönlere kaymaktadır. Malzeme kullanıcı ile ilişkinin arayüzünü oluşturmakta ve ürün nitelik algısını, ilişkinin hoşluğunu, ürünün kişiselleş(tiril)mesini ve kullanım yönünü etkileyip belirlemektedir. İnsanın beş duyusu, bir arayüz olarak, bu etkileşimde başrolü oynamaktadır. Malzeme seçimi sürecinin bağlamını daha iyi anlayabilmek için yeni binr malzeme seçimi modeli oluşturulmuştur. Malzeme Seçimi Eylemleri (MSE) model olarak ürün tasarımcılarının eylemlerini tanımlamaktadır. Model, malzeme seçimi sürecinin tekrar ede karakterini vurgulayarak temiz bir malzeme profili elde etmeyi ve bu profilin içindeki bilginin kendisini önemsemektedir. Etkin bir malzeme profili oluşturmak o kadar da kolay değildir ve burada, malzemenin duyumsal özelliklerini listeleyen bir profil yeni bir teknik olarak geliştirilmektedir. Ürün Malzemesi Seçimi (ÜMS) tekniği adı verilen modelin dört aracı geliştirilmiştir: a. ‘Soru aracı’, kullanıcı-ürün etkileşiminde malzemenin bir dizi duyumsal yönünü ortaya çıkarmaya çalışmakta; b. ‘Resim aracı’, ürün örnekleri ile bu ürünlerin farklı malzemelerden yapılmış örneklerini tartışmaya çalışmakta; c. ‘Örneklem aracı’ dokunulabilir ürün örneklerini gündeme getirmekte; d. ‘İlinti aracı’ ise teknoloji yönelimli malzeme uzmanlarının değerlendirmelerine kullanıcı-etkileşimli beklentileri katmalarını sağlamaya odaklanmaktadır. Bu araçlar hem malzemenin kullanıcı-etkileşimli yönlerini tartışmamızı desteklemekte, hem de malzemenin duyumsal özelliklerinin ortaya çıkarılmasına katkıda bulunmaktadırlar.

Ürün tasarımcılarına yönelik kullanıcı-merkezli bir malzeme seçimi yaklaşımı

In the materials selection process of user-centred design projects, the emphasis shifts from technology towards user-interaction aspects of products. Materials form the interface of the product with the user and influence the sense of quality, pleasantness of interaction, personality of the product, and the way it can be used. The human senses, as the interface of the user, play essential roles in this interaction. A new materials selection model has been created for the purpose of understanding the context in which materials are selected. The Materials Selection Activities (MSA) model describes the activities of product designers. It emphasizes the iterative character of the materials selection process, the relevance of creating a clear material profile and the role of information therein. Creating an effective material profile is not easy and a new technique has been developed to formulate a profile in the form of the required sensorial properties of the materials (the Materials in Products Selection (MiPS) technique). Four tools were developed to support the techniques, namely: 1) ‘question tool’, which goes through the sensorial aspects of materials during several phases of the user-product interaction; 2) ‘picture tool’, which brings pictures of product examples and the materials these products are made of into the discussion; 3) ‘sample tool’, which offers tangible material samples; and 4) ‘relation tool’, which enables technology-oriented material specialists to include user-interaction requirements in their material considerations and evaluations. The tools not only aid the discussions about user-interaction aspects of materials, but also support the translation of these into sensorial properties of materials.

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