Simetri Kavramı ve Periyodik Yüzey Tasarımları Üzerine Geçmişten Günümüze Bir Araştırma

Simetri çeşitli uğraşı alanları için birleştirici bir kavram, nitel ve nicel değerlere bağlı disiplinlerarası bir bağlantı yoludur. Simetri tasarlama eylemine binlerce yıldır dahildir. Geçmişte tasarımcılar simetri kullanımında astronomi, fizik, biyoloji gibi doğa bilimlerinden, matematiksel keşiflerden, felsefi metinlerden ve teolojik unsurlardan sıklıkla beslenmiştir. Bugün de pek çok çalışma alanının kesişiminde bulunan simetri kavramı, çeşitli bilim alanlarında birbirlerine paralel fakat anlam olarak özgün tanımlamalara sahiptir. Çalışmanın amacı tanımlar, teknik ifadeler ve bulguları kronolojik sırada takip ederek simetrinin periyodik yüzey tasarımı için günümüzdeki teknolojik araçlarla kullanım sınırlarını değerlendirmektir. Çalışmada simetriye ve periyodik yüzeylere dair nitel ve nicel bilgiler sunmuş bilim insanları ve düşünürlerin fikirleri değerlendirilmiş, bu düşüncelere paralel olarak mimarlık ve sanat tarihi açısından önem atfedilen döşeme örüntülerine ve simetrik yüzey konusunda örnek teşkil edebilecek eserlere yer verilmiştir. Simetrinin ve periyodikliğin tasarım kurgusunda ve üretim aşamalarında sağladığı olanaklar nedeniyle tasarruflu bir yol olduğu söylenebilir. Bu verim etkeni, algoritma destekli tasarım sürecinde simetrik dönüşümlerin hazır yöntem paketleri halinde kaydedilmesi sürecinde de görünür olmaktadır. Günümüzde geçerli olan ve matematiksel doğruluğu yakın bir dönemde ispatlanmış iki boyutlu simetri grup ) çalışmada bağlayıcı bir öğe olmuştur. Kesin kuramsal sınırlar belirtmesi, hem yeni örüntülerin üretilmesi sürecinde, hem de mevcut periyodik örüntüleri kimliklendirme fırsatları nedeniyle mekânsal anlamda faydalı görülmelidir. Bu kuram bilgisayar destekli tasarım ve üretken tasarım araçlarıyla kullanıma oldukça uygundur. Sayısal tasarım yoluyla birden fazla sonuç üretecek grup algoritmaları yapılandırılabilir, tarihsel simetrik döşeme örüntüleri sınıflandırılabilir ve yeni sonuç verecek farklı yöntem dizinleri geliştirilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Simetri, Yüzey Tasarımı, Döşeme Örüntüleri

A Research from the Past to Present On the Concept of Symmetry and Periodic Surface Design

Symmetry is a unifying concept for various fields of interest, an interdisciplinary link based on both qualitative and quantitative values. The act of designing symmetry has been involved for thousands of years. The designer was often fed by natural sciences such as astronomy, physics, biology, mathematical discoveries, philosophical texts and theological elements while using symmetry. Today, the concept of symmetry, which is at the intersection of many fields of study, has parallel but unique definitions in various fields of science. By following definitions, technical expressions and chronological findings, the study reaches the current meaning and importance of periodic surface design. In the study, the ideas of scientists and thinkers who put forward qualitative and quantitative information on symmetry were evaluated in chronological order, and following this, floor patterns, which are important in terms of architecture and art history, and works that can set an example on symmetrical surface are included in the study. It can be said that symmetry is a cost-effective way due to the possibilities it provides in the design setup and production stages. This efficiency factor is also visible in the process of recording symmetric transformations as ready-made method packages in the algorithm-aided design process. Two-dimensional symmetry group theory, which is valid today and has been proved mathematically recently, has been a binding element in the study. This theory is well suited for use with computer-aided design and generative design tools, because of its precise theoretical boundaries, both in the process of generating new patterns, and opportunities to identify existing periodic patterns. By means of numerical design, group algorithms that will produce more than one result can be configured, historical symmetrical tiling patterns can be classified and different method sequences can be developed to produce new results.

Keywords:

Symmetry, Surface Design, Tesselations,

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