Rebecca TORNES BAILEY, Kathy EDGERTON BOMBA, Ünal AKYÜZ

Üç farklı düzeyde okul bölgesinin ulaşım yönetiminin karşılaştırılması: Amerika Birleşik Devletleri-Nevada örneği

Okul servisleri her gün milyonlarca çocuğu evlerden okullara ve okullardan evlere taşımaktadır. İnsanların bir yerden diğerine götürülmeleri, okul servisi filolarına sürücü ücretleri, yakıt, bakım ve tamir masrafları için milyonlarca dolarlık maliyet yaptırmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, ulaşım bütçesi her okul bölgesinin genel bütçesinin büyük bir kısmını oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Nevada Eyaleti’ne bağlı, Douglas İlçesi Okul Bölgesi, Washoe İlçesi Okul Bölgesi ve Nevada Üniversitesi’nde ulaşım sistemlerinden sorumlu birimler ile bunların faaliyet alanları ve yasal sorumlulukları tartışılmıştır. Seçilen okul bölgeleri bütçeleri ve fiziki alanları itibarıyla birbirinden farklı büyüklüktedir. Bunun yanında okul bölgelerindeki servislerde kullanılan yakıt türleri ve faydalılık düzeyi tartışılmıştır. Üniversite düzeyinde, yönetim; daha fazla personeli, mevcut teknolojiyi verimli kullanmayı, çeşitli otobüsleri, sürücüleri ve daha büyük bir bütçeyi gerektirmektedir. Buna karşın değişik büyüklükteki okul bölgeleri büyüklüklerine, düşük teknoloji talebine ve ihtiyaç duyulan personelin azlığına bağlı olarak çok daha farklı yönetilmektedirler. Fakat, okul bölgesi küçük olsun büyük olsun okul servislerinde görevli insaların eğitimleri ve denetimleri daha fazla önem verilmesi gerektiği görülmektedir.

Comparison of transportation method of School district at three different levels United States of America-Nevada case

School buses transport millions of children every day from their houses to schools and vice versa every day. Transportation of humans from one point to another leads to million dollar costs of driver fees, fuel oil, maintenance and repair. Therefore, the budget for transportation constitutes major part of budget of each school district. In this Study, operational fields and legal responsibilities of units responsible for transportation systems in Douglas Sub Province Schools District, Washoe Sub Province Schools District and in Nevada University affiliated with the state of Nevada of the United States of America are discussed. Selected school districts are different from each other in terms of their budgets and physical facilities. Besides, types of fuel oil used in buses at these school districts and their levels of utilization are also discussed within the scope of this Study. Management at university level requires more number of staff, efficient use of existing technology, various number of buses and drivers and bigger portions of budget. On the other hand, school districts with different sizes are managed in line with different methods based on their sizes, low technology requests, and on low number of staff required. However, regardless of big or small size of the school district, it is observed that more attention should be given into training and controlling of staff assigned in school buses.

PDF

___

Braga, B. (2004). Routing Software the key to efficiency, lowered costs. School Bus Fleet.
Casey, C. (2004). Biodiesel putting down roots in school bus market. School Bus Fleet.
Dan O’Rock, Douglas County School District’s Department of Transportation. Personal Communication.
Dawson, J., & Sanders, D. (1997). A bus program that really works. Principal:76, 38-39. Dominick Belli, Motor Pool Administrator. Personal Communication.
Douglas County School District. Retrieved March 1st, 2004 from Marvin Mowlem, Douglas County School District Lake Bus Driver (personal communication, February 25, 2004).
Hirano, S. (2000). How to keep high fuel prices from throttling your budget. School Bus Fleet.
Hossick, Barbara. (2004). Personal Communication.
Hulse, W., James (2002). Reinventing the System Higher Education in Nevada 1968-2000. University of Nevada Press, Reno, Nevada.
Huffman, S. (2000). The unsung heroes of school transportation. School Bus Fleet.
Lake Tahoe, Nevada, Supervisor (personal communication, March 11, 2004).
National School Transportation Association. (2004). Website. [Online].
Nevada State Energy Office, Feasibility Study of an Alternative Transportation FuelsPlan for Nevada As Required by Senate Bill 565 68th Nevada Legislature, 1997.
Parking and Transportation Administrator. Personal Communication.
Ray, J.R., Hack, W.G., & Candoli, I.C.(2001). School Business Administration: A Planning Approach (pp.345-353). Massachusetts: Ally & Gacon.
Ray, J., Hack, W., & Candoli, I. (2001). School business administration: A Planning approach. (7th ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Rick Kester, Douglas County School District’s Director of Business Services Department (personal communication, March 4th, 2004).
Sharon Inman, Douglas County School District’s Department of Transportation, Carson.
School Bus Fleet. (1998). News from around the industry: Supervisors group defends degree requirements.
School Bus Fleet. (2000). Harvard researchers compare diesel fuel and natural gas.
School Bus Fleet. (2000). Tennessee drivers average less than 4 hours.
School Bus Fleet. (2002). How many riders per school bus seat?
Svare, Kurt. (2004). Personal Communication.
U.S. Department of Energy, A Guidebook to the U.S. Department of Energy’s Alternative Fuel Transportation program for State and Alternative Fuel ProvidersFleets, 2001.
Valley Supervisor (personal communication, March 8th, 2004).
Walsh, M. (2002). Managing your district’s bus contractor. School Administrator: 59, 33.
Washoe County School District. (2004). Transportation department: Bus driver attachment
Washoe County School District. (2004). Driver requirements and training.
Washoe County School District. (2003). Transportation command flow chart.
Washoe County School District. (2004). Community guide to understanding.
Washoe County school district’s funding. [Booklet]. Reno, NV.
Wilson, Cathy. (2004). Personal Communication.
Nevada Transportation Department (2004) http://www.dcsd.k12.nv.us. 12 Mart 2004 Tarihinde erişilmiştir.