Pratik Akıl’dan Tin’e Geçişte Hegel’in Eylem Teorisi

Bu makalenin amacı, bilincin deneyimlediği karşıtlıkların somut birliğini sağlayan Tin kavramının ortaya çıkışını Hegel’in ‘eylem’ teorisi temelinde açıklamaktır. Bu amaçla inceleyeceğimiz ana bölüm Tinin Fenomelojisi’nde Akıl’ın “Tinsel Hayvanlar Ülkesi ve Aldanma ya da Şeyin Kendisi” momentidir. Akıl, genel olarak bireyselliğin kendisini gerçekleştirmek adına karşıtı olan evrensellikle girdiği ilişkinin biçimlerini bize sunmaktadır. Akılsal bilinç kendisini ilkin teorik ve edilgin olarak dış dünyada keşfetmeye çalışır. Ancak karşıtlığın çözülememesi Akıl’ı pratik akıla dönüştürür ve bilinç şimdi kendisini kendi etkinliği aracılığıyla edimsel kılmaya çalışır. Bu süreçte Pratik Akıl’dan Tin’e geçişte bireysellik ile evrensellik karşıtlığının çözümü için Hegel’in eylem kavramı önem kazanır. Böylece eylem kavramı, bireysellik ve evrensellik arasındaki ilişkinin hakikatini ortaya koyacaktır. Bu hakikat ise onların varoluşları için birbirlerini dışlamamaları aksine bağımlı olmalarıdır. Şimdi bu çalışmada bireysel ve evrenselin diyalektiği ilk olarak eylem ve iş arasındaki ilişkide ve ikinci olarak da eylemin kendisi olarak şeyin kendisinde ele alınacaktır. Sonuç kısmında ise Pratik Akıl’dan Tin’e geçiş’te eylemin etkisine dair bir değerlendirme yapılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Eylem, Pratik Akıl, Tin, Bireysellik, Evrensellik

Hegel’s Concept of Action in the Transition From Practical Reason to Spirit

The aim of this essay is to explain the emergence of the concept of Spirit which provides the concrete unity of the oppositions experienced by consciousness, on the basis of Hegel’s theory of action. The main section to examine for this purpose is the Reason’s moment of “The Spiritual Animal Kingdom and Deceit, or the matter in hand itself” in the Phenomenology of Spirit. Reason in general presents us with the forms of the relation of individuality with its opposite universality in order to realize itself. Rational consciousness first tries to discover itself in the external world, theoretically and passively. However, the inability to resolve the opposition turns the Reason into the practical reason and now tries to make itself actual through its own activity. In this process, Hegel’s concept of action gains importance for the solution of the opposition of indivudality and universality in the transition from the Practical Reason to Spirit. Thus, the concept of action will reveal the truth of the relationship between individuality and universality. This truth is that they can not exclude each other but are dependent on each other for their existence. Now, in this work, the dialectic of the individual and the universal will first be discussed in the relation between action and work and secondly in the matter in hand itself as action. In the conclusion, an evaluation will be made on the effect of the action on the transition from Practical Reason to Spirit.

Keywords:

Action, Practical Reason, Spirit, Individuality, Universality,

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