İlköğretimde Cinsiyete Dayalı Mesleki Kalıp Yargılarla Mücadele: Bir Rehberlik Etkinliği Örneği

Bireylerin meslek seçimlerini cinsiyetlerine uygun olup olmadığını temel alarak yapmalarına neden olan cinsiyete dayalı mesleki kalıp yargılar, ilkokul yıllarından itibaren oluşmaya başlamakta; toplumda ve iş dünyasında cinsiyet eşitsizliğine zemin oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle cinsiyete dayalı mesleki kalıp yargıların yaşamın erken dönemlerinden itibaren hedef alınması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu araştırmada öncelikle 60 kişiden oluşan bir grup ilkokul dördüncü sınıf öğrencisinin, lisans düzeyinde eğitim gerektiren 16 mesleğe ilişkin cinsiyete dayalı kalıp yargıları ortaya konulmaktadır. Ardından araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan ve cinsiyete dayalı mesleki kalıp yargıları yok etmeyi hedefleyen tek oturumluk bir sınıf rehberlik etkinliğinin söz konusu kalıp yargılar üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmaktadır. Bulgular öğrencilerin inşaat, bilgisayar ve makine mühendisliklerini, pilotluğu, hâkimliği, banka müdürlüğünü, bilim insanlığını ve mali müşavirliği erkek mesleği; hemşireliği ise kadın mesleği olarak algıladığını ve hazırlanan rehberlik etkinliğinin cinsiyete dayalı kalıp yargıları istatistikî olarak anlamlı düzeyde azalttığını ortaya koymuştur. Bulgular ışığında kariyer gelişiminin cinsiyet dayalı kalıp yargılardan etkilenen bir süreç olduğu ve öğrencilerin alan ve meslek seçimlerini daha etkili bir şekilde yapabilmeleri için başta eğitim sürecinin erken evreleri olmak üzere tüm kademelerde kariyer psikolojik danışmanlığı hizmetlerine yer verilmesinin gerektiği söylenebilir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda ilkokul öğrencilerine yönelik sistematik kariyer gelişimi müdahaleleriyle, özellikle fen bilimleri, teknoloji, mühendislik ve matematik alanlarındaki mesleklerde çalışan kadın rol modellere ihtiyaç duyulduğu iddia edilir.

Combatting Gender-Based Occupational Stereotypes in Primary Education: A Guidance Activity Example

Leading individuals to occupational choices that are based on the gender suitability of a profession, occupational gender stereotypes begin to form as early as elementary school years, setting the stage for gender inequality both in society and in the professional world. Thus, it is important that gender-based occupational stereotypes are targeted starting from the early stages of life. In this study, occupational gender stereotypes of 60 elementary school students regarding 16 professions requiring university level education were investigated, followed by the examination of the effectiveness of a single session career counselling activity developed by the researchers. The findings indicate that students perceive the occupations of civil, computer and mechanical engineers, pilots, judges, bank managers, scientists and financial advisors as male professions and nursing as a female occupation. The results also indicate that the career counselling activity prepared by the researchers is statistically effective in decreasing gender-based occupational stereotypes. In light of these findings, career development can be suggested as a process that is affected by gender-based occupational stereotypes and that career counselling services should be included in all levels of education starting from the early years to help students make their career-related choices more effectively. To this end, it can be argued that, in addition to systematic career counselling interventions, primary school students need female role models working in the male dominated fields, namely science, technology, engineering and mathematics.

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Kalem Uluslararası Eğitim ve İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 2146-5606
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 2 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 2011
  • Yayıncı: Kalem Vakfı Okulları