M. Kemal ÇİFTÇİ, ORHAN YAVUZ, FATİH HATİPOĞLU, ÖZGÜR ÖZDEMİR

Holstein ırkı bir inekte hemorajik bağırsak sendromu: olgu sunumu

Bu raporda Holstein ırkı sütçü bir inekte hemorajik bağırsak sendromu (HBS) ülkemizde ilk defa patolojik olarak tanımlandı. Süt sığırcılığı yapılan bir işletmede 4 yaşlı, Holstein ırkı bir ineğin iştahsızlık, süt veriminde azalma, dehidrasyon ve karın bölgesinde şişkinlik belirtileri sonucu aniden öldüğü bildirildi. Makroskobik incelemelerde jejunum serozası koyu kırmızı renkteydi. Bazı bölümlerde lümenin kan pıhtısı ile tamamen dolu olduğu, bazı bölümlerinde ise intramural kanamalara bağlı bağırsak lümeninde daralmalar şekillendiği dikkati çekti. Mikroskobik olarak jejunumda nekrohemorajik enteritis, mononükleer hücre ve eozinofil granulosit infiltrasyonları ile submukozada geniş kanamalar gözlendi. Ayrıca lamina propriyada kanama alanları çevresinde yoğun şekilde Gram-pozitif, çomak şekilli ve sporlu bakteriler görüldü. Sunulan bu olguda hastalık için karakteristik makroskobik ve mikroskobik bulgular, literatür bilgileri ile birlikte değerlendirilerek hayvanın ölüm sebebinin HBS olduğu kanısına varıldı. Son yıllarda dünyanın birçok ülkesinde sütçü sığırlarda önemli kayıplara neden olan HBS, süt verimi yüksek sığırcılık işletmelerinin hızla artmakta olduğu Türkiye’de ilk olarak bu raporla bildirilmiş ve konun önemine dikkat çekilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

histopatoloji, sığır, bakteriyel hastalıklar, ölüm oranı, kan pıhtılaşması, klinik görünüm, süt sığırı, teşhis, bağırsak yangısı, eozinofil, granülosit, kanama, jejunum

Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in a holstein cow - case report

In this report, hemorrhagic bowel syndrome (HBS) was defined pathologically for the first time in Turkey in a Holstein dairy cow. It was reported that a 4-year-old cow died suddenly with symptoms of loss of appetite, decreased milk yield, dehydration, and abdominal bloating in a dairy farm. Grossly, serosa of jejunum was observed with dark red color and its lumen was completely filled with blood clots. Some parts of jejunum lumen were narrowed due to submucosal and intramural bleeding. Microscopically, necro-hemorrhagic enteritis, and eosinophilic granulocyte and mononuclear cell infiltrations with extensive submucosal hemorrhages were observed. In addition, Gram-positive, rod-shaped and endospore-forming bacteria were seen intensively around of bleeding areas in the lamina propria. The death was concluded to be associated with HBS by macroscopic and microscopic findings, characteristic for the syndrome and in accordance with the literature evaluating this case. HBS causes significant losses in dairy cattle in many countries of the world. This report aimed to point out the importance of the topic, which is the first case report of HBS in Turkey, where dairy cow enterprises are growing rapidly.

Keywords:

histopathology, cattle, bacterial diseases, mortality, blood coagulation, clinical aspects, dairy cattle, diagnosis, enteritis, eosinophils, granulocytes, haemorrhage, jejunum,

PDF

___

1. Abutarbush SM: Jejunal hemorrhage syndrome in cattle: A newly emerging disease. Large Animal Veterinary Rounds, 2 (10): 1-6, 2002.
2. Berghaus RD, McCluskey BJ, Callan RJ: Risk factors associated with hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in dairy cattle. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 226, 1700-1706, 2005.
3. Denisson AC, VanMetre DC, Callan RJ, Dinsmore P, Mason GL, Ellis RP: Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in dairy cattle: 22 cases (1997-2000). J Am Vet Med Assoc, 221, 686-689, 2002.
4. O’Neill PA: Observations on a haemorrhagic bowel syndrome involving pigs on three associated premises. Vet Rec, 87, 742-724, 1970.
5. Mirocha CJ, Pathre SV, Schauerhamer B, Christensen CM: Natural occurrence of fusarium toxins in feedstuff. Appl Environ Microbiol, 32, 553-556, 1976.
6. Anderson BC: Point sources hemorrhages in cows. Vet Rec, 128, 619-620, 1991.
7. Abutarbush SM, Radostits OM: Jejunal hemorrhage syndrome in dairy and beef cattle: 11 cases (2001 to 2003). Can Vet J, 46, 711-715, 2005.
8. Ceci L, Paradies P, Sasanelli M, Caprariis D, Guarda F, Cappuchio MT, Garelli G: Haemorrhagic bowel syndrome in dairy cattle: Possible role of Clostridium perfringens type A in the disease complex. J Vet Med A, 53, 518-523, 2006.
9. Tajik J, Mohammadi GR, Rad M, Barati A: Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in dairy cattle in Iran: A case report. IJVR, 11 (2): 180-183, 2010.
10. Kırbaş A, Özdemir H: Sütçü sığırlarda hemorajik bağırsak sendromu. E-Journal of NWSA, 6 (2): 10-17, 2011.
11. Brenner J, Orgad U, Tiomkin D, Vaksmann I, Perl S: Adult bovine jejunal hemorrhage syndrome -An emerging dairy disease. Isr J Vet Med, 57, 41, 2002.
12. Van Metre DC: Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome. In, Anderson DE, Rings DM (Eds): Current Veterinary Therapy Food Animal Practice - 5. pp. 55-58, St. Louis, Saunders Elsevier, 2009.
13. Van Metre DC, Callan RJ: Research progress in hemorrhagic bowel syndrome. West Dairy News, 5, 79-80, 2005.
14. Abutarbush SM, Carmalt JL, Wilson DG, O’Connor BP, Clark EG, Naylor JM: Jejnunal hemorrhage syndrome in 2 Canadian beef cows. Can Vet J, 45, 48-50, 2004.
15. Divers T, Peek SF: Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome. In, Rebhun’s Diseases of Dairy Cattle. pp. 254-258, St. Louis, Saunders Elsevier, 2008.
16. Gelberg HB: Alimentery System. In, McGavin MD, Zachary JF (Eds): Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease. 4th ed., Mosby Elsevier, Missouri, USA, 2007.
17. Kirkpatrick MA, Timms LL, Kersting KW: Case report-jejunal hemorrhage syndrome of dairy cattle. Bov Pract, 35, 104-115, 2001.
18. Wang YQ: Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in dairy cattle and efficacy of feed additive in stimulating immune response in livestock. PhD Thesis, Oregon State University, USA, 2004.
19. Ashworth C: Salmonella/hemorrhagic bowel syndrome “the bloody gut”. High Plains Dairy Conference, Monsanto Dairy Business, March 16-17, 2006, pp. 105-112, 2006.
20. Peek SF, McGuirk S: Jejunal hemorrhage syndrome. American Association of Bovine Practitioners 38th Annual Conference, September 19-21, 2005, Salt Lake, Utah, pp. 1-6, 2005.
21. Whitlow LW, Hagler WM: Mycotoxins in dairy cattle: ocurrence, toxicity, prevention and treatment, Proc. Southwest Nutr. Conf, February 24-25, 2005, pp. 124-138, 2005.
22. Godden S, Ames T, Frank R: Jejunal hemorrhage syndrome in adult dairy cows. Proc. 6th Western Dairy Management Conf, March 12-14, Reno, pp. 179-184, 2003.
23. Van Metre DC, Callan RJ, Denisson AC: Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome: What we do and don’t know. NAVC, Jan 8-12, Orlando, Florida, pp. 47-48, 2005.
24. Kirkpatrick MA, Timss L: Jejunal hemorrhage syndromre of dairy cattle. Mid-South Ruminant Nutrition Conference, April 21-22, Arlington, Texas, pp. 47-59, 2004.
25. Sockett DC: Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome. 2nd Mid-Atlantic Nutrition Conference, March 24-25, 2004, Timonium, Maryland, USA, pp. 139-145, 2004.
26. Batmaz H: Sığırların İç Hastalıkları Semptomdan Tanıya Tanıdan Sağaltıma. 2. Baskı. s. 134, Özsan Matbaacılık, Bursa, 2010.