Genetic diversity of three native goat populations raised in the South-Eastern region of Turkey

Bu çalışma bir ceylan türünde (Gazella granti) tanımlanmış sekiz mikrosatelit lokusunu kullanarak Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde yetiştirilen üç keçi populasyonunu genetik çeşitlilik yönünden değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla, Şanlıurfa (n = 40), Kilis (n = 40) ve Siirt (n = 40) illerinde yetiştirilen üç keçi populasyonundan toplam 120 adet kan örneği alınmış ve bu örneklerden DNA izole edilmiştir. İzole edilen DNA’lar sekiz mikrosatelit lokusuna (33HDZ8, 33HDZ290, 33HDZ433, 33HDZ496, 33HDZ593, 33HDZ692, 33HDZ749, 33HDZ974) ait primerler kullanılarak PCR ile çoğaltılmış ve PCR ürünleri kapillar elektroforeze tabi tutularak fragman uzunluğu analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sekiz lokustan altısı (%75) PCR ile amplifiye olmuş ve bunlardan dördü (%66.7) polimorfik bulunmuştur. Polimorfik lokusların üçü (33HDZ496, 33HDZ749 ve 33HDZ974) genetik parametrelerin hesaplanmasında kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada toplam 40 allel tespit edilmiştir. 33HDZ496, 33HDZ749 ve 33HDZ974 lokusları için sırasıyla 13, 15 ve 12 allel gözlenmiş olup, herbir lokus için hesaplanan polimorfizm bilgi içeriği (PIC) aynı sırayla 0.836, 0.821 ve 0.817 olarak belirlenmiştir. Şanlıurfa, Kilis ve Siirt populasyonları için ortalama allel sayıları sırasıyla 10.33±1.15, 10.67±2.08 ve 11.33±0.58, etkili allel sayıları ise yine aynı sıra ile 6.131±1.42, 5.823±0.23 ve 5.870±0.75 olarak bulunmuştur. Şanlıurfa, Kilis ve Siirt populasyonları için ortalama gözlenen heterozigotluk oranları sırasıyla 0.827±0.083, 0.808±0.044 ve 0.895±0.069, beklenen heterozigotluk oranları ise yine aynı sıra ile 0.843±0.043, 0.841±0.007 ve 0.838±0.023 olarak belirlenmiştir. 33HDZ496, 33HDZ749 ve 33HDZ974 lokusları için hesaplanan FIS değerleri sırasıyla 0.0164, 0.0245 ve 0.0240 olarak bulunmuştur. Tüm populasyonlar için hesaplanan FST değeri (0.009) incelenen populasyonda gözlenen genetik çeşitliliğin %99’unun bireyler arasındaki farklılıktan kaynaklandığını göstermiştir. Çalışma sonuçları incelenen keçi populasyonunun oldukça yüksek bir genetik çeşitliliğe sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Çalışma sonuçları ayrıca, sahip oldukları yüksek allelik zenginlik (≥12) ve PIC (>0.81) değerleri nedeniyle incelenen sekiz mikrosatelit lokusundan üçünün (33HDZ496, 33HDZ749, 33HDZ974) keçilerde moleküler belirteç olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

alleller, DNA, DNA çoğaltımı, gen frekansı, genler, genetik farklılık, genetik belirleyiciler, genetik parametreler, genetik polimorfizm, genetik çeşitlilik, heterozigotluk, lokuslar, polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu, yerli çiftlik hayvanları, Türkiye, uydu DNA, mikrosatellitler, keçi

Güney Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde yetiştirilen üç keçi populasyonunda genetik çeşitlilik

The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic variability of three goat populations raised in the Southeastern region of Turkey by using microsatellite loci defined in gazelle (Gazella granti). DNA was isolated from 120 blood samples collected from goats raised in Sanliurfa (n = 40), Kilis (n = 40) and Siirt (n = 40) provinces. Eight microsatellite loci (33HDZ8, 33HDZ290, 33HDZ433, 33HDZ496, 33HDZ593, 33HDZ692, 33HDZ749, 33HDZ974) were used for amplification with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fragment lengths of the amplifed loci were analysed using a capillary electrophoresis system. Six of the eight loci (75%) were successfully amplified and four (66.7%) of them were polymorphic. Three of the polymorphic loci (33HDZ496, 33HDZ749 ve 33HDZ974) were used for estimating genetic parameters. A total of 40 alleles were detected. Number of alleles and polymorphism information contents (PIC) for the loci 33HDZ496, 33HDZ749 and 33HDZ974 were 13, 15 and 12 and 0.836, 0.821 and 0.817, respectively. The mean number of alleles was 10.33±1.15, 10.67±2.08 and 11.33±0.58 and effective number of alleles was 6.131±1.42, 5.823±0.23 and 5.870±0.75 for Sanliurfa, Kilis and Siirt populations, respectively. The mean observed and expected heterozygosities for Sanliurfa, Kilis and Siirt populations were 0.827±0.083, 0.808±0.044 and 0.895±0.069 as well as 0.843±0.043, 0.841±0.007 and 0.838±0.023 respectively. For the 33HDZ496, 33HDZ749 and 33HDZ974 loci FIS values were 0.0164, 0.0245 and 0.0240, respectively. The FST values (0.009) showed that about 99% of the genetic variation was due to variation among individuals. The results have suggested that the three populations studied have a high genetic variability and the loci, 33HDZ496, 33HDZ749, 33HDZ974, can be used as markers due to their high number of alleles (≥12) and PIC (>0.81) values.

Keywords:

alleles, DNA, DNA amplification, gene frequency, genes, genetic diversity, genetic markers, genetic parameters, genetic polymorphism, genetic variation, heterozygosity, loci, polymerase chain reaction, native livestock, Turkey, satellite DNA, microsatellites, goats,

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