Muhittin YILMAZ, MAHMUT KARAPEHLİVAN, İNAN KAYA

Effects of zinc sulphate on transcaucasian barb, (Capoeta capoeta [guldenstaedt, 1773]) plasma nitric oxide, malondialdehyde and total sialic acid levels

Bu çalışmada farklı dozlarda çinko sülfat uygulanan Capoeta capoeta’larda plazma total sialik asit (TSA), nitrik oksit (NO) ve malondialdehit (MDA) düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Balıkların 15 gün süre ile laboratuvar ortamına adaptasyonları sağlandıktan sonra 9’ar adet üç grup oluşturuldu. Grup I’de bulunan balıklar normal su ortamında, grup II ve III ise sırasıyla 5 ve 10 mg/L ZnSO4 eklenen tanklarda 10 gün süre ile bekletildi. Balıklardan kan örnekleri alındıktan sonra plazma TSA, NO ve MDA seviyeleri analiz edildi. Artan ZnSO4 miktarlarına göre plazma TSA ve MDA seviyelerinde artış olduğu belirlenirken, NO seviyelerinde düşüş olduğu gözlendi. Sonuç olarak, ZnSO4 uygulanan C. capoeta’da plazma TSA, MDA ve NO seviyelerinde doza bağlı değişiklikler tespit edildi.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Cyprinidae, kan plazması, dozaj etkileri, malonaldehit, nitrik oksit, siyalik asit, çinko sülfat, Capoeta capoeta gludenstaedt

Siraz balığı (Capoeta capoeta [guldenstaedt, 1773]) plazma nitrik oksit, malondialdehit ve total sialik asit düzeyleri üzerinde çinko sülfatın etkileri

The aim of this study was to investigate plasma total sialic acid (TSA), nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in response to different doses of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) in Capoeta capoeta. The fishes were kept in tanks for 15 days for adaptation. Three groups of fish (control, 1st, and 2nd), each containing 9 fishes, were placed in separate tanks containing no, 5 and 10 mg/L ZnSO4, respectively for 10 days. At the end of the study, blood samples were taken, and plasma TSA, NO and MDA levels were analyzed. An increase in plasma TSA and MDA levels were found along with increasing ZnSO4 amounts, and a decrease in NO levels was observed. In conclusion, it was determined that levels of TSA, MDA and NO were altered depending on ZnSO4 doses applied in C. capoeta.

Keywords:

Cyprinidae, blood plasma, dosage effects, malonaldehyde, nitric oxide, sialic acids, zinc sulfate, Capoeta capoeta gludenstaedt,

PDF

___

1. Park SW, Lee JY, Yang JS, Kim KJ, Baek K: Electrokinetic remediation of contaminated soil with waste-lubricant oils and zinc. J Hazard Mater, 169, 1168-1172, 2009.
2. Coruh S, Ergun ON: Use of fly ash, phosphogypsum and red mud as a liner material for the disposal of hazardous zinc leach residue waste. J Hazard Mater, 173, 468-473, 2010.
3. Nussey G, Van Vuren JHJ, Du Preez HH: Effect of copper on the haematology and osmoregulation of the mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Cichlidae). Comp Biochem Physiol C, 111, 369-380, 1995.
4. Eisler R: Zinc hazards to fish, wildlife, and invertebrates: A synoptic review. US Fish Wildl Serv Biol Rep, 10, 106, 1993.
5. Valee BL, Falchuk K: The Biochemical basis of zinc physiology. Physiol Rev, 73, 79-118, 1993.
6. Akahori A, Jozwiak Z, Gabryelak T, Gondko R: Effect of zinc on carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) erythrocytes. Comp Biochem Physiol C, 123, 209-215, 1999.
7. Adhikari S, Ayyappan S: Behavioural role of zinc on primary productivity, plankton and growth of a freshwater teleost, Labeo rohita (Hamilton). Aquaculture, 231, 327-336, 2004.
8. Razra GC, Mandal B: Desorption of adsorbed zinc in soils in relation to soil properties. J Indian Chem Soc Soil Sci, 4, 233-237, 1996.
9. Parvez S, Raisuddin S: Protein carbonyls: novel biomarkers of exposure to oxidative stress-inducing pesticides in freshwater fish Channa punctata (Bloch). Environ Toxicol Phar, 20, 112-117, 2005.
10. Mendes R, Cardoso C, Pestana C: Measurement of malondialdehyde in fish: A comparison study between HPLC methods and the traditional spectrophotometric test. Food Chem, 112, 1038-1045, 2009.
11. Draper HH, Hadley M: Malondialdehyde determination as index of lipid peroxidation. Methods Enzymol, 186, 421-430, 1990.
12. Rubbo H, Radi R, Trujillo M, Telleri R, Kalyanaraman B, Barnes S, Kırk M, Freeman BA: Nitric oxide regulation of superoxide and peroxynitrite dependent lipid peroxidation. Formation of novel nitrogen containing oxidized lipid derivatives. Chemistry, 269, 26066-26075, 1994.
13. Gonenc A, Ozkan, Y, Torun M, Simsek B: Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in breast and lung cancer patients. J Clin Pharm Ther, 26, 141-144, 2001.
14. Wink DA, Hanbauer I, Krishna MC, DeGraff W, Gamson J, Mitchell JB: Nitric oxide protects against cellular damage and cytotoxicity from reactive oxygen species. P Natl Acad Sci USA, 90, 9813-9817, 1993.
15. Laspina NV, Groppa MD, Tomaro ML, Benavides MP: Nitric oxide protects sunflower leaves against Cd-induced oxidative stress. Plant Sci, 169, 323-330, 2005.
16. Singh HP, Batish DR, Kaur G, Arora K, Kohli RK: Nitric oxide (as sodium nitroprusside) supplementation ameliorates Cd toxicity in hydroponically grown wheat roots. Environ Exp Bot, 63, 158-167, 2008.
17. Schauer R: Chemistry, metabolism and biological functions of sialic acids. Adv Carbohyd Chem Biochem, 40, 131-234, 1982.
18. Varki NM, Varki A: Diversity in cell surface sialic acid presentations: implications for biology and disease. Lab Invest, 87, 851-857, 2007.
19. Schroder PN, Giannis A: From substrate to transition state analogues: The first patent inhibitör of sialytransferases. Angew Chem Int Edit, 38, 1379-1380, 1999.
20. Erdil A, Tüzün A, Yönem A, Erbil MK: Serum sialic acid concentrations in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and its relation with retinopathy. Turk J Med Sci, 21, 349-354, 2001.
21. Karakuş S, Gey H: A preliminary study of heavy metals in transcaucasian barb (Capoeta capoeta capoeta Guldenstaedt, 1772) from the Kars Creek, Turkey. Rev Med Vet, 157, 551-556, 2006.
22. Unlu E, Akba O, Sevim S, Gumgum B: Heavy metal levels in mullet, Liza abu (Heckel, 1843) (Mugilidae) from Tigris River, Turkey. Fresenius Environ Bull, 5, 107-112, 1996.
23. Hilmy AM, El-Domıaty NA, Daabess A, Abdel Latife HA: Some physiological and biochemical ındices of zinc toxicity in two freshwater fishes, Clarias lazera and Tilapia zilli. Comp Biochem Physiol C, 87, 297-301, 1987.
24. Köck G, Bucher F: Accumulation of zinc in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after waterborne and dietary exposure. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 58, 305-310, 1997.
25. Cicik B: The effects of copper-zinc interaction on the accumulation of metals in liver, gill and muscle tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Ekoloji, 12, 32-36, 2003.
26. Murugan SS, Karuppasamy R, Poongodi K, Puvaneswari S: Bio-accumulation pattern of zinc in freshwater fish Channa punctatus (Bloch) after chronic exposure. Turk J Fish Aquat Sci, 8, 55-59, 2008.
27. Lushchak VI: Environmentally induced oxidative stress in aquatic animals. Aquat Toxicol, 101, 13-30, 2011.
28. Miranda M, Espey MG, Wink DA: A rapid, simple spectrophotometric method for simultaneous detection of nitrate and nitrite. Nitric Oxide, 5, 62-71, 2001.
29. Sydow G: A simplified quick method for determination of sialic acid in serum. Biomed Biochim Acta, 44, 1721-1723, 1985.
30. Ergün G, Aktaş S: ANOVA modellerinde kareler toplamı yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 15 (3): 481-484, 2009.
31. Glover CN, Bury NR, Hogstrand C: Intestinal zinc uptake in freshwater rainbow trout: evidence for apical pathways associated with potassium efflux and modified by calcium. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1663, 214-221, 2004.
32. Bury NR, Walker PA, Glover CN: Nutritive metal uptake in teleost fish. J Exp Biol 6, 11-23, 2003.
33. Grosell M, Nielsen C, Bianchini A: Sodium turnover rate determines sensitivity to acute copper and silver exposure in freshwater animals. Comp Biochem Physiol C, 133, 287-303, 2002.
34. Garcia-Santos S, Fontainhas-Fernandes A, Wilson JM: Cadmium tolerance in the nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) following acute exposure: Assessment of some ionoregulatory parameters. Environ Toxicol, 21, 33-46, 2006.
35. Skidmore JF: Toxicity of zinc compounds to aquatic animals, with special reference to fish. Q Rev Biol, 39, 227-247, 1964.
36. Sanpera C, Vallribera M, Crespo S: Zn, Cu and Mn levels in the liver dogfish exposed to Zn. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 31, 415-417,1983.
37. Spry DJ, Hodson PV, Wood CM: Relative contributions of dietary and waterborne zinc in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. Can J Fish Aquat Sci, 45, 32-41,1988.
38. Willis JN, Sunda WG: Relative contributions of food and water in the accumulation of zinc by two species of marine fish. Mar Biol, 80, 273-279, 1984.
39. Yılmaz M, Ersan Y, Koç E, Özen H, Karaman M: Toxic effects of cadmium sulphate on tissue histopathology and serum protein expression in european chub, Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758). Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 17 (Suppl. A): S131-S135, 2011.
40. Mendil D, Demirci Z, Tüzen M: Seasonal investigation of trace element contents in commercially valuable fish species from the Black Sea, Turkey. Food Chem Toxicol, 48, 865-870, 2010.
41. Monserrat JM, Mariınez PE, Geracitano LA, Amado LL, Martins CM, Pinho GL, Chaves IS, Ferreira-Cravo M, Ventura-Lima J, Bianchini A: Pollution biomarkers in estuarine animals: Critical review and new perspectives. Comp Biochem Physiol C, 146, 221-234, 2007.
42. Malek RL, Sajadi H, Abraham J: The effects of temperature reduction on gene expression and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle from adult zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C, 138, 363-373, 2004.
43. Olsvik PA, Kristensen T, Waagbø R,Rosseland BO, Tollefsen KE, Baeverfjord G, Berntssen MHG: mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GSH-Px) and lipid peroxidative stress in liver of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) exposed to hyperoxic water during smoltification. Comp Biochem Physiol C, 141, 314-323, 2005.
44. Vidal ML, Bassères A, Narbonne JF: Influence of temperature, pH, oxygenation, water-type and substrate on biomarker responses in the fresh-water clam Corbicula fluminea (Müller). Comp Biochem Physiol C, 132, 93-104, 2002.
45. Henricks PA, van Erne-van der Tol ME, Verhoef J: Partial removal of sialic acid enhances phagocytosis and the generation of superoxide and chemiluminescence by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J Immunol, 129, 745-750, 1982.
46. Kumagai R, Lu X, Kassab GS, Role of glycocalyx in flow induced production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. Free Radic Biol Med, 47, 600-607, 2009.
47. Eguchi H, Ikeda Y, Ookawara T, Koyota S, Fujiwara N, Honke K, Wang PG, Taniguchi N, Suzuki K: Modification of oligosaccharides by reactive oxygen species decreases sialyl lewis x-mediated cell adhesion. Glycobiology, 15, 1094-1101, 2005.
48. Karapehlivan M, Uzlu E, Atakişi O, Erdoğan HM, Uzun M, Citil M: Effect of L-carnitine on plasma sialic acid, MDA and blood GSH levels in doxorubicine administered rabbits. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 13 (2): 155-160, 2007.
49. Smith AR, Hagen TM: Vascular endothelial dysfunction in aging: Loss of Akt-dependent endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation and partial restoration by (R)-alpha-lipoic acid. Biochem Soc T, 31, 1447-1449, 2003.