The Mediating Effect of Customer Satisfaction on the Relationship Between Perceived Value and Word-of-Mouth in the Airline Industry

In recent years, significant developments have taken place in the airline industry. It is thought that the interest in the sector will increase continuously in the coming years. So the competition in the sector will be more intense as it is now. In this intense competitive environment, concepts such as customer satisfaction and customer loyalty, which are important determinants of sales and profitability of firms, will become as important as they are now. It is necessary for customers to have positive perception of the product or service offered by the firm in order to be satisfied. In addition, customer satisfaction may result in referrals to other people about the firm. Therefore, in this study, the mediating effect of customer satisfaction was investigated through online questionnaire. Factor analysis and regression analysis were performed in the study. As a result, the customer satisfaction has a full mediator effect between the perceived value and the word-of-mouth.

___

Agus, A., Abdullah, M. (2000). “The mediating effect of customer satisfaction on TQM practices and financial performance”, Singapore Management Review, Vol. 22, No. 2, 55-73.

Air Transport Action Group. (2016). Aviation: Benefits Beyond Borders. Switzerland. Albayrak, A. S. (2005). “Çoklu doğrusal bağlantı halinde enküçük kareler tekniğinin alternatifi yanlı tahmin teknikleri ve bir uygulama”, Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, Vol. 1, No. 1, 105-126.

Al-Hawari, M., Ward, T. (2006). “The effect of automated service quality on Australian banks' financial performance and the mediating role of customer satisfaction”, Marketing Intelligence and Planning, Vol. 24, No. 2, 127-147.

Al-Sabbahy, H. Z., Ekinci, Y., Riley, M. (2003). “An examination of perceived value dimensions in the hospitality industry”, In Proceedings of the Travel and Tourism Research Association Conference. New Brunswick: St. John.

Arif, M., Gupta, A., Williams, A. (2013). “Customer service in the aviation industry–An exploratory analysis of UAE airports”, Journal of Air Transport Management, Vol. 32, 1-7.

Baron R. M., Kenny D. A. (1986). “The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations”, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 51, No. 6, 1173-1182.

Bektaş, H., Akman, S. U. (2013). “Yükseköğretimde hizmet kalitesi ölçeği: güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik analizi”, Ekonometri ve İstatistik Dergisi, No. 18, 116-133.

Bitmiş, M. G., Sökmen, A., Turgut, H. (2013). “Psikolojik dayanıklılığın tükenmişlik üzerine etkisi: örgütsel özdeşleşmenin aracılık rolü”, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol. 15, No. 2, 27-40.

Büyüköztürk, S. (2007). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabi (8. Baski), Pegem Yayincilik, Ankara.

Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). “Faktör analizi: Temel kavramlar ve ölçek geliştirmede kullanımı”, Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, Vol. 32, No. 32, 470-483.

Büyükşalvarcı, A., Abdioğlu, H. (2010). “Kriz öncesi ve kriz dönemlerinde işletmelerde çalışma sermayesi gereksiniminin belirleyicileri: İMKB imalat sanayi şirketleri üzerine ampirik bir uygulama”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, Vol. 24, No. 2, 47-71.

Calvo-Porral, C., Lévy-Mangin, J. P. (2015). “Switching behavior and customer satisfaction in mobile services: Analyzing virtual and traditional operators”, Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 49, 532-540.

Chen, C. F. (2008). “Investigating structural relationships between service quality, perceived value, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions for air passengers: Evidence from Taiwan”, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Vol. 42, No. 4, 709-717.

Chen, C. F., Tsai, M. H. (2008). “Perceived value, satisfaction, and loyalty of TV travel product shopping: Involvement as a moderator”, Tourism Management, Vol. 29, No. 6, 1166-1171.

Chumpitaz, R., Swaen, V. (2002). “Service quality and brand loyalty relationships: Investigating the mediating effect of customer satisfaction”, 31st European Marketing Academy Conference, Braga, Portugal. 1-7.

Cronin, J. J., Brady, M. K., Hult, G. T. M. (2000). “Assessing the effects of quality, value, and customer satisfaction on consumer behavioral intentions in service environments”, Journal of Retailing, Vol. 76, No. 2, 193-218.

Çatı, K., Koçoğlu, C. M. (2008). “Müşteri sadakati ile müşteri tatmini arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemeye yönelik bir araştırma”, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, No. 19, 167-188.

Deng, Z., Lu, Y., Wei, K. K., Zhang, J. (2010). “Understanding customer satisfaction and loyalty: An empirical study of mobile instant messages in China”, International Journal of Information Management, Vol. 30, No. 4, 289- 300.

Directorate General of Civil Aviation. (2016). Activity Report of Directorate General of Civil Aviation. Turkey.

Eggert, A., Ulaga, W. (2002). “Customer perceived value: a substitute for satisfaction in business markets?”, Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, Vol. 17, No. 2/3, 107-118.

Ersungur, Ş. M., Kızıltan, A., Polat, Ö. (2007). “Türkiye’de bölgelerin sosyo-ekonomik gelişmişlik sıralaması: temel bileşenler analizi”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, Vol. 21, No. 2, 55-66.

Gallarza, M. G., Saura, I. G. (2006). “Value dimensions, perceived value, satisfaction and loyalty: an investigation of university students’ travel behaviour”, Tourism Management, Vol. 27, No. 3, 437-452.

Gürbüz, S., Yüksel, M. (2008). “Çalışma ortamında duygusal zeka: iş performansı, iş tatmini, örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı ve bazı demografik özelliklerle ilişkisi”, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, Vol. 9, No. 2, 174-190.

Hair Jr, J. F., Black W.C., Babin B.J., Anderson R. E. (2014). Multivariate data analysis, 7. Edition, Pearson New International Edition.

Hartline, M. D., Jones, K. C. (1996). “Employee performance cues in a hotel service environment: Influence on perceived service quality, value, and word-of-mouth intentions”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 35, No. 3, 207-215.

Hsu, C. Y., Huang, Y. W., Chuang, S. H. (2017). “Examining the relationships among electronic word of mouth, perceived value, and risk, and consumer purchase intention”, In International Conference on Innovative Mobile and Internet Services in Ubiquitous Computing. Springer, Cham, 795-801.

Hsu, H. (2006). “An empirical study of web site quality, customer value, and customer satisfaction based on e-shop”, The Business Review, Vol. 5, No. 1, 190-193.

Hui, T. K., Wan, D., Ho, A. (2007). “Tourists’ satisfaction, recommendation and revisiting Singapore”, Tourism Management, Vol. 28, No. ), 965-975.

IATA-International Air Transport Association. Annual Review 2017.

Işık, E. S. (2010). Havayolu ulaşımında hizmet kalitesinin ölçümü: iç hatlarda pilot uygulama. Published master’s thesis, Police Academy, Turkey.

Jen, W., Hu, K. C. (2003). “Application of perceived value model to identify factors affecting passengers' repurchase intentions on city bus: A case of the Taipei metropolitan area”, Transportation, Vol. 30, No. 3, 307-327.

Jiewanto, A., Laurens, C., Nelloh, L. (2012). “Influence of service quality, university image, and student satisfaction toward WOM intention: a case study on Universitas Pelita Harapan Surabaya”, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 40, 16-23.

Jung, N. Y., Seock, Y. K. (2017). “Effect of service recovery on customers’ perceived justice, satisfaction, and word-of-mouth intentions on online shopping websites”, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Vol. 37, 23-30.

Kahya, C. (2013). “Örgütsel sinizm, iş performansını etkiler mi? İş tatmininin aracılık etkisi”, Global Journal of Economics and Business Studies, Vol. 2, No. 3, 34-46.

Kanbur, A., Kanbur, E. (2015). “Lider-üye etkileşiminin örgütsel sinizme etkisi: algılanan içsellik statüsünün aracılık rolü”, Journal of World of Turks, Vol. 7, No. 2, 193-216.

Karaca, A. D. (2015). Türkiye’de havayolu ulaşımında havaalanlarının yeri ve çevresel etkileri: Sabiha Gökçen havalimanı örneği. Published master’s thesis, University of Istanbul, Turkey.

Kim, T. T., Kim, W. G., Kim, H. B. (2009). “The effects of perceived justice on recovery satisfaction, trust, word-of-mouth, and revisit intention in upscale hotels”, Tourism Management, Vol. 30, No. 1, 51-62.

Kuo, Y. F., Wu, C. M., Deng, W. J. (2009). “The relationships among service quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction, and post-purchase intention in mobile value-added services”, Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 25, No. 4, 887-896.

Lai, T. L. (2004). “Service quality and perceived value's impact on satisfaction, intention, and usage of short message service (SMS)”, Information Systems Frontiers, Vol. 6, No. 4, 353-368.

Lai, W. T., Chen, C. F. (2011). “Behavioral intentions of public transit passengers—The roles of service quality, perceived value, satisfaction and involvement”, Transport Policy, Vol. 18, No. 2, 318-325.

Leisen Pollack, B., Leisen Pollack, B. (2017). “Effects of exit barriers on word of mouth activities”, Journal of Services Marketing.

Lu, H. Y., Wu, W. Y., Chen, S. H. (2016). “Influences on the perceived value of medical travel: the moderating roles of risk attitude, self-esteem, and word-ofmouth”, Current Issues in Tourism, Vol. 19, No. 5, 477-491.

Marangoz, M. (2007). “Ağızdan ağıza iletişimin müşterilerin satın alma davranışlarına etkileri: Cep telefonu pazarına yönelik bir araştırma”, Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Vol. 16, No. 2, 395-412.

Maxham III, J. G., Netemeyer, R. G. (2002). “A longitudinal study of complaining customers’ evaluations of multiple service failures and recovery efforts”, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 66, No. 4, 57-71.

Meesala, A., Paul, J. (2016). “Service quality, consumer satisfaction and loyalty in hospitals: Thinking for the future”, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services.

Mishra, P., Bakshi, M., Singh, R. (2016). “Impact of consumption emotions on WOM in movie consumption: Empirical evidence from emerging markets”, Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), Vol. 24, No. 1, 59-67.

Mohd-Any, A. A., Winklhofer, H., Ennew, C. (2015). “Measuring users’ value experience on a travel website (e-value) what value is cocreated by the user?”, Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 54, No. 4, 496-510.

Mosahab, R., Mahamad, O., Ramayah, T. (2010). “Service quality, customer satisfaction, and loyalty: A test of mediation”, International Business Research, Vol. 3, No. 4, 72-80.

Murray, D., Howat, G. (2002). “The relationships among service quality, value, satisfaction, and future intentions of customers at an Australian sports and leisure centre”, Sport Management Review, Vol. 5, No. 1, 25-43.

Naktiyok, A., Küçük, O. (2003). “İşgören (iç müşteri) ve müşteri (dış müşteri) tatmini, işgören tatmininin müşteri tatmini üzerine etkileri: ampirik bir değerlendirme”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, Vol. 17, No. 1-2, 225-243.

Osman, Z., Sentosa, I. (2013). “Mediating effect of customer satisfaction on service quality and customer loyalty relationship in Malaysian rural tourism”, International Journal of Economics Business and Management Studies, Vol. 2, No. 1, 25-37.

Pereira, H. G., Salgueiro, M. F., Rita, P. (2016). “Online purchase determinants of loyalty: The mediating effect of satisfaction in tourism”, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Vol. 30, 279-291.

Petrick, J. F. (2004). “The roles of quality, value, and satisfaction in predicting cruise passengers’ behavioral intentions”, Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 42, No. 4, 397-407.

Petrick, J. F., Backman, S. J. (2002). “An examination of the construct of perceived value for the prediction of golf travelers’ intentions to revisit”. Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 41, No. 1, 38-45.

Pizam, A., Ellis, T. (1999). “Customer satisfaction and its measurement in hospitality enterprises”, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 11, No. 7, 326-339.

Pizam, A., Pizam, A., Shapoval, V., Shapoval, V., Ellis, T., Ellis, T. (2016). “Customer satisfaction and its measurement in hospitality enterprises: a revisit and update”, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 28, No. 1, 2-35.

Polat, M., Meyda, C. H. (2011). “Örgüt kültürü bağlamında güç eğilimi ve örgütsel bağlılık ilişkisinde örgütsel özdeşleşmenin aracılık rolü”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, Vol. 25, No. 1, 153-170.

Qin, H., Prybutok, V. R., Zhao, Q. (2010). “Perceived service quality in fast-food restaurants: empirical evidence from China”, International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, Vol. 27, No. 4, 424-437.

Ranaweera, C., Prabhu, J. (2003). “On the relative importance of customer satisfaction and trust as determinants of customer retention and positive word of mouth”, Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, Vol. 12, No. 1, 82-90.

Rothkoph, M., Wald, A. (2008). “The role of innovation in the increasingly commoditized airline industry–insights from case studies”, Air Transport Research Society, 8-11.

Sanguansat, P. (Ed.). (2012). Principal component analysis-multidisciplinary applications, InTech, Croatia.

San-Martín, S., Prodanova, J., Jiménez, N. (2015). “The impact of age in the generation of satisfaction and WOM in mobile shopping”, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Vol. 23, 1-8.

Srivastava, M., Rai, A. K. (2013). “Investigating the mediating effect of customer satisfaction in the service quality-customer loyalty relationship”, Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behavior, Vol. 26, 95- 109.

Turel, O., Serenko, A. (2006). “Satisfaction with mobile services in Canada: An empirical investigation”, Telecommunications Policy, Vol. 30, No. 5, 314-331.

Tütüncü, Ö., Doğan, Ö. (2003). “Müşteri tatmini kapsamında öğrenci memnuniyetinin ölçülmesi”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Vol. 5, No. 4, 130-151.

Usta, R., Memiş, S. (2009). “Hizmet kalitesi ve marka bağlılığı arasındaki ilişki üzerine müşteri tatmininin aracılık etkisi”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, Vol. 23, No. 4, 87-108.

Vespermann, J., Wald, A. (2011). “Much ado about nothing?–an analysis of economic impacts and ecologic effects of the EU-emission trading scheme in the aviation industry”, Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Vol. 45, No. 10, 1066-1076.

Wahab, N. A., Hassan, L. F. A., Shahid, S. A. M., Maon, S. N. (2016). “The relationship between marketing mix and customer loyalty ın hijab ındustry: the mediating effect of customer satisfaction”, Procedia Economics and Finance, Vol. 37, 366-371.

Webber, S. S. (2011). “Dual organizational identification impacting client satisfaction and word of mouth loyalty”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 64, No. 2, 119- 125.

Wien, A. H., Olsen, S. O. (2017). “Producing word of mouth–a matter of selfconfidence? Investigating a dual effect of consumer self-confidence on WOM”, Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), Vol. 25, No. 1, 38-45.

Williams, P., Soutar, G. N. (2009). “Value, satisfaction and behavioral intentions in an adventure tourism context”, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 36, No. 3, 413- 438.

Woodruff, R. B. (1997). “Customer value: the next source for competitive advantage”, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 25, No. 2, 139- 153.

Yang, H., Yu, J., Zo, H., Choi, M. (2016). “User acceptance of wearable devices: An extended perspective of perceived value”, Telematics and Informatics, Vol. 33, No. 2, 256-269.

Yang, Z., Peterson, R. T. (2004). “Customer perceived value, satisfaction, and loyalty: The role of switching costs”, Psychology and Marketing, Vol. 21, No. 10, 799- 822.

Yazıcıoğlu, Y., Erdoğan, S. (2011). SPSS uygulamalı bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri, Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara.

Zeithaml, V. A. (1988). “Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value: a meansend model and synthesis of evidence”, The Journal of Marketing, Vol. 52, No. 3, 2-22.