Gazetecilik ve Ek İş: Uluslararası 242 Etik İlkenin Karşılaştırması

Gazetecilik ilkelerine göre gazeteciler, menfaat çatışması yaratan durumlardan mutlaka kaçınmalıdır. Bu ilkeler, çalışanlar ve işverenler olarak tüm gazeteciler arasında olduğu gibi siyasal kurumların dahil oldukları, medya ve toplum arasında devam edegelen karşılıklı etkileşim yoluyla geliştirilir ve biçimlendirilir. Mesleki bakış açısından, gazetecilerden meslek onurunu zedeleyebilecek işlerden uzak durmaları beklenir. Etik ilkeler, gazetecilik örgütleri tarafından, gazetecilik "bilinci" olarak ifade edilen mesleki değerleri ve kuralları belirtmek için kullanılır. Nasıl oluyor da etik ilkeler ek iş ve/veya uğraş düşüncesi ile ilişkilendirilebiliyor? Her ek iş ister istemez bir menfaat çatışmasının öğesi olur mu? İş saatleri dışında gerçekleştirilen gönüllü etkinlikler de ek iş olarak görülebilir mi? Ek iş ve etkinlikler hakkındaki etik kavramların incelendiği araştırmamız, 94 ülkenin medyasında başvurulan 242 ilkenin uluslararası karşılaştırılmasını içeren bir çalışmadır. Çalışma üç konu üzerine odaklanmaktadır: birincisi, etik ilkeler ek iş konusuna değinmekte midir? Değiniyorsa, nasıl? İkincisi, jeo-politik ve jeo-ekonomik özelliklere göre konunun ele alınma şeklinde farklılıklar var mıdır? Üçüncüsü, etik ilkeleri oluşturan kurumların türlerinden kaynaklanan farklılıklar görülmekte midir?

Journalism and Moonlighting: An International Comparison of 242 Codes of Ethics

According to journalistic norms journalists must avoid situations that create a conflict of interests. Those norms are developed and shaped via a continuous interaction between media and society, including the political institution, as well as between journalists as employees and their employers. From a professional point of view, journalists are expected to avoid any deed which may disrespect the profession. Codes of ethics are used by journalistic organizations to express their professional norms and values, which are perceived as the "conscience" of journalism. How do codes of ethics relate to the idea of additional jobs and/or occupations for journalists? Does every additional job necessarily entail a conflict of interests? Is volunteer activity outside working hours also considered "moonlighting?"Our study, that seeks to examine ethical conceptions regarding additional work and activity, is an international comparative study examining 242 codes of ethics applied by the media in 94 countries. Discussions focus on three issues: First, do codes of ethics address the issue of additional work, and if so, how? Second, are there differences in the ways the issue is addressed according to geo-political and geo-economic characteristics? And, third, are there differences according to type of organization for which a given code was formulated?

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