The New York Times’a Göre Urfa’nın İşgali ve Kurtuluşu

Mondros Mütarekesi’nin 7. maddesine göre Urfa şehri 24 Mart 1919’da işgal edildi. 11 Nisan 1920’de ise Fransızlar Urfa’dan çekilmek zorunda kaldılar. Böylece Urfa, işgalden kurtulmuş oldu. Urfa’nın işgali ve kurtuluşu süreci yurt dışında da ilgiyle takip edildi. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri bunlardan biri idi. O yıllarda ABD Türk Milli Mücadelesi için oldukça önemli bir devletti. Her şeyden önce ABD’nin Türk Milli Mücadelesine bakışının, Türkiye’nin pek çok toprağını işgal eden İngiltere, Fransa, İtalya, Yunanistan’a göre daha tarafsız bir devlet olduğu düşünülmekteydi. O süreçte tarihi tecrübesi ve tirajıyla dikkat çeken The New York Times, ABD’nin en etkili gazetelerinden biri idi. Gazete, Urfa’nın işgali ve Fransızlardan kurtuluşuna dair süreci Amerikan kamuoyuna, haber ve makaleleri ile taşımıştır. Bu çalışmada The New York Times gazetesindeki haberler, yorumlar ve makaleler kullanılarak Urfa’nın işgali ve kurtuluşu sürecinin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Böylece o yıllarda ABD’nin en önemli gazetelerinden birinin Urfa Milli Mücadelesine bakışı izlenebilecektir.

The Occupation and Liberation of Urfa in the New York Times

According to Article 7 of the Mondros Armistice, the city of Urfa was occupied on 24 March1919. The French had to withdrawal from Urfa on April 11, 1920. Thus Urfa liberated fromthe occupation. The occupation and liberation process of Urfa was followed with interest inabroad. The United States was one of them. The United States was a very important state forthe Turkish National Struggle in those years. First of all, it was thought that the point of viewof the US to the Turkish National Struggle was more neutral nation than Britain, France,Italy and Greece which they occupied most of Turkey’s lands. The New York Times,attracting attention with its circulation and historical experience was one of the most influential newspapers in the United States. It carried the process of the Urfa’s occupationand liberation from the French on the American public opinion with news and articles. In this study, it was aimed to reveal the process of the Urfa’s occupation and liberation, usingthe news, reviews and articles in The New York Times. Thus, in those years one of the mostimportant newspapers in the United States, will be evaluated the approach of the UrfaNational Struggle.

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“500 French Troops Wiped Out at Urfa, Constantinople Hears”, The New York Times, 26 April 1920.
“Americans Besieged in Two Turkish Towns; Their Flag Defied; French Move to Rescue”, The New York Times, 15 April 1920.
“Americans Escape from Kemal’s Turks”, The New York Tımes, 16 January 1921.
“Americans Fought Turks at Aintab”, The New York Times, 27 Nisan 1920.
“British out of Syria”, The New York Times, 22 December 1919.
“Confirm Slaying of French”, The New York Times, 27 April 1920.
“French had 200 Killed”, The New York Times, 28 April 1920.
“French Hard Pressed”, The New York Times, 9 September 1920.
“King Feisal Declares Anglo-French Boycott”, The New York Times, 23 March 1920.
“Our Consul at Aleppo Asked for Warships”, The New York Times, 11 March 1920.
“Ratify French Treaty”, The New York Times, 24 October 1921.
“Tells of Slaughter of French Garrison”, The New York Times, 9 May 1920.
“Turkish Nationalists Suffer New Defeats”, The New York Times, 6 September 1920.
“Turks and Kurds Massacre 400 French”, The New York Times, 1 May 1920.
“Turks Take Hadjin”, The New York Times, 2 November 1920.
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