Murat TURAL

Şarlman Zamanında Hristiyanlığın Yayılışı: Çifte Kılıç Mı, Gönül Dili Mi?

Cermen kavimleri içerisinde günümüz Avrupa’sının oluşumuna en büyük katkıyı yapanlarşüphe yok ki Franklardır. Şarlman ise sadece Frankların değil, Avrupa tarihinin en önemlikrallarından biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu nedenle onun ismi Hristiyanlığın geleceği açısındanhayati adımlar atmış olan meşhur Bizans imparatorları Konstantin ve I. Theodosius ile çoğu zamanbirlikte anılmaktadır. Şarlman, Franklarca çok önce başlatılan kuzeydeki Sakson politikasınınihayete erdirmiş, hükümdarlığı döneminde doğuda beliren Avar tehdidini ise halefini zorasokmadan kendi zamanında sonlandırmıştır. İki putperest kavmin onun elinden yatıştırılması vedönemin papası III. Leo’nun Roma’daki muhalifleri tarafından kıskaca alınması kralın 800 yılındataçlandırılması hadisesini gündeme getirmiştir. Fakat Şarlman her ne kadar kilise ile barışık birhükümdar olarak hafızalara kazınsa da, Hristiyanlığı şiddet yoluyla uzak alanlara taşıması soruişaretlerini doğurmuştur. Bu soru işaretlerinin kendi zamanında hem de kralın başdanışmanı olanAlcuin tarafından dillendirilmesi ise bu makalenin başlığına ve içeriğine etki etmiştir. Makaledeevvela Şarlman’ın yükselişi söz konusu edilmiş, sonrasında ise mektuplarına yansıdığı kadarıylaAlcuin’in din değiştirme meselesine yaklaşımı ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.

The Spread of Christianity in the Reign of Charlemagne: Double-Edged Sword or Preaching?

Among the Germanic tribes, those who made the greatest contribution to the establishment of today’s Europe are beyond any doubt the Franks. Charlemagne is considered to be one of the most glorious kings of European history, not just the Franks. His name is thus frequently spoken along with the famous Byzantine emperors Constantine and Theodosius I, who took important measures for the Christianity’s future. Charlemagne terminated the Saxon policy in the north, which had been brought into force by Franks much earlier, and ended the threat of Avars, which had emerged in the east during his reign, without landing his successor with a challenging situation in his own time. The fact that two pagan tribes were appeased by him and the opponents of the pope of the period -Leo III-in Rome had the pope over a barrel brought up the king’s crowning in 800. Even though Charlemagne was engraved in memory as a ruler at peace with the church, his spreading Christianity to remote areas by means of violence raised questions. The expression of these questions in words in his lifetime, and in fact by Alcuin, who was the chief advisor of the king, inspired the title and content of this article. In this article, Charlemagne’s rise was discussed first, and then an attempt was made to present Alcuin’s approach to conversion as much as reflected in his letters.

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