Cebel-i Lübnan’dan Fellah Kaçakçılığı

19. yüzyılda Amerika’ya başlayan büyük ölçekli göçakımına Cebelli fellahlar da katılmıştır. Cebel-iLübnan ahalisinden fellahların Amerika’ya firarlarıkaradan limana ve limandan vapura uzanan organizebir kaçakçılık sonucunda gerçekleşmiştir. Giderekartan fellah göçü İstanbul ve Beyrut arasındayazışmaların odağı haline gelmiştir. Fellahkaçakçılığıyla mücadele için bir dizi yeni muamele vetedbirler gündeme gelmiş ve uygulanmıştır.Cebel-i Lübnan’dan Amerika veya diğer yabancımemleketlere doğru gerçekleşen göç akımlarıiçerisinde ekinci köylülerin yani fellahların göçleri ayrıbir öneme sahiptir. Bu göçün seyrini anlamakaçısından konunun incelenmesi amaçlanmış olup buçalışmada alınan tedbirler ile etkileri üzerinden fellahkaçakçılığının öyküsü açıklanacaktır.

FELLAHEEN SMUGGLING FROM THE MOUNT LEBANON

Fellaheen from Mount Lebanon joined the large scale immigration flow that started in America inthe 19th century, too. The flight of fellaheen fromthe people of Mount Lebanon to America was theresult of an organized smuggling from land toport and port to ferry. The increasing fellahmigration has become the focus ofcorrespondence between Istanbul and Beirut. Anumber of new procedures and measures havebeen brought to the agenda and implemented tocombat fellah trafficking.In the migration flows from Mount Lebanon toAmerica or other foreign countries, theimmigration of the rural cultivators, namely thefellaheen, has a special importance. In order tounderstand the course of this migration, it isaimed to examine the subject, and the story offellah smuggling will be explained through themeasures taken and its effects in this study.

PDF

___

Ottoman Archival Documents BOA.BEO 2711/203258
BOA.BEO. 3115/233601
BOA.BEO 551/41285, BEO 551/41285 lef 2
BOA.BEO 3083/231194
BOA.DH.H. 21/67
BOA.DH.ŞFR.372/126
BOA.DH.ŞFR. 389/26
BOA.DH.ŞFR 203/85
BOA.DH.ŞFR. 288/27
BOA.DH.ŞFR. 365/145
BOA.DH. ŞFR. 218/8
BOA.DH.ŞFR. 389 /26
BOA.DH.ŞFR. 380 /64
BOA.DH.ŞFR.EUM. 4. ŞB. 1/7, Lef 2
BOA.DH.MUİ. 37/22
BOA.DH.MKT 623/92
BOA.DH.MKT 2335/114
BOA.DH.MKT. 1198/25 Lef 4
BOA.DH.MKT. 2753/2
BOA.DH.MKT. 277/47
BOA.DH.TMIK.M. 252/29
BOA.DH.TMIK.M 251/35, DH.TMIK.M. 251/35 Lef 7
BOA.DH.TMIK.M. 65/56
BOA.DH.TMIK.M. 244/7, DH.TMIK.M. 244/7 Lef 8
BOA.DH.TMIK.M. 252/55
BOA.DH.TMIK.M. 255/25
BOA.DH.TMIK.M. 222/ 8
BOA.DH.TMIK.M. 230/20
BOA.DH.TMIK.M. 247/34
BOA.DH.TMIK.M. 251/44
BOA.DH.TMIK.M. 231/44
BOA.HR.ID. 15/17, HR.İD. 15/17 Lef 2
BOA.HR.İD 15/51
BOA.HR.İD. 14/66 Lef 3
BOA.HR.İD. 14/57
BOA.HR.İD. 15/15
BOA.HR.İD. 14/53
BOA.HR.İD. 15/3 Lef 4
BOA.HR.İD. 15/55
BOA.HR. İD. 15/49
BOA.HR.İD. 15/10 Lef 2.
BOA.HR.SYS. 1529/99
BOA.HR.TO 405/67
BOA.ŞD 2279/7
BOA.Y.EE.136/121
BOA.Y.PRK.UM.. 67 /75
BOA.Y.PRK.ASK.249/79
Baer, Gabriel, Fellah and Townsman in the Middle East Studies in Social History, Frank Cass, London 1982,
Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü Osmanlı Arşivi Daire Başkanlığı, Osmanlı Belgelerinde Suriye, Publication issue: 129, İstanbul 2013.
Croxton, F.C. (1911). Reports of Immigration Commissions Statistical Review of Immigration 1820-1910, Distribution of Immigrants 1850-1900, Washington: Government Printing Office
Günaydın, Meryem, “Osmanlı Döneminde Suriye Havalisinden Amerika’ya Göçler”, Journal of The Center for Ottoman Studies, Ankara University, 46 /Fall 2019, pp.133-166.
Issawi, Charles, The Economic History of the Middle East 1800-1914 A book of Readings, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1966.
Khater, Akram Fouad, Inventing Home Emigration, Gender, and the Middle Class in Lebanon 1870-1920, University of California Press, London, England 2001.
Gordon, Leland James, American Relations With Turkey 1830-1930 An Economic Interpretation, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1932
Öztürk, Mustafa, “19. Yüzyılın Sonları ile 20. Yüzyılın Başlarında Beyrut ve Çevresi”, Journal of Turkish Studies Türklük Bilgisi Araştırmaları, Festschrift in honor of Prof. Dr. Özer Ergenç, Cemal Kafadar and Gönül A. Tekin(eds), Volume 52, Cambridge, Aralık 2019, Mass: Harvard University Near EasternLanguages and Civilizations, 161-184.
Parlatır, İsmail, Osmanlı Türkçesi Sözlüğü, Yargı Yayınevi, Ankara 2009.
Şıvgın, Hale – Günaydın, Meryem, “The Armenian Repatriation 1908-1914, The Question of Nationality and Property", Journal of Gazi Academic View, 8(16), Ankara 2015, pp. 1-40.