Britanya-Fransa Savaşına Giden Yol (1792-1793)

Fransız İhtilali, Avrupa’nın sınıf ayrımına dayalı sosyal düzenine ve bunun üzerine kuruluotoriter rejimlerine karşı ciddi bir tehdit yarattı. Neredeyse tüm Avrupalı devletler, İhtilal’in getirdiğiilkeleri büyük bir tehlike olarak algılayarak Fransa’ya karşı düşmanca bir tavır içerisine girdiler.Nitekim İhtilal’in yankıları Avrupa’yı çeyrek asra yakın sürecek olan bir savaş sürecine soktu. Busüreç, kısa ve orta vadede, hem İhtilal fikirlerinin hem de Avrupa’nın kaderini tayin edecek bir önemesahip görünüyordu. Bu savaşlar bütününe önderlik edecek devletin ise, Fransa’nın XVIII. yüzyıldakimüzmin rakibi Britanya olması şaşırtıcı değildi. Asıl şaşırtıcı olan, Britanya’nın dış politikasına budönemde yön veren Genç William Pitt’in gündeminde savaşın kesinlikle yer almamasıydı. Ülkesininçıkarlarını korumak için uzunca bir barış dönemine ihtiyaç olduğunu düşünen Pitt, Fransa’yla iyigeçinme taraftarıydı. İki ülke arasındaki barışın uzun süre devam edeceğine dair de oldukçaiyimserdi. Zira İhtilal nedeniyle zayıflayan Fransa’nın savaşı düşünmesi pek olası görünmüyordu.Ancak 1792 sonbaharından itibaren Fransa’da yaşanan bir takım gelişmeler, Pitt’i, bu barışpolitikasından yavaş yavaş uzaklaştırmaya başladı. İşte bu son dönemde Britanya’nın İhtilalkarşısındaki tarafsız ve iyimser tutumunu değiştirmesine ve Fransa’yla bir kez daha karşı karşıyagelmesine neden olan gelişmeler çalışmamızda incelenmeye çalışıldı.

The Pathway Leading to the War between Britain-France (1792-1793)

The French Revolution posed a serious challenge against the social order of Europe based on class discrimination and authoritarian regimes established upon this. Literally all European states considered the principles that came along with the revolution as serious threats thus taking a hostile stance towards against France. Therefore, the repercussions of Revolution led Europe into a period of war that would last for quarter of a century. That period seemed to have, in the short and medium term, a prescription to determine both the ideas of the Revolution and the fate of Europe. It was not a surprise to have Britain, the ever-lasting enemy of France throughout the 18th century, as the forerunner state of all these wars. The real surprising thing was the fact that William Pitt the Younger, who was in charge of British foreign policies during those times, certainly had no war in his agenda. Thinking that there a lengthy period of peace was necessary to protect the interest of his country, Pitt was in favor of staying on good terms with France. He was also quite positive that a long-term period of peace between both countries was waiting. Because it was unlikely that France, which was weakened by the Revolution, would be thinking of war. However, since the fall of 1792, a number of developments in France have begun to distort Pitt from this peace policy gradually. The study deals with the developments in this latter period that has caused Britain to change its neutral and optimistic stance towards the Revolution and to face France once again.

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