Amerika’ya Göç Eden Osmanlı Suriyelileri ve Yeni Topluma Entegrasyon Süreçleri, 1870-1914

On dokuzuncu yüzyılın son çeyreğinden yirminci yüzyılın başına kadar geçen süreçte on binlerceOsmanlı tebaası, imparatorluğun bugünkü Suriye bölgesinden Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’ne göçetmiştir. Göçmenler başlangıçta bir miktar para kazandıktan sonra memleketlerine geri dönmeyiamaçlamışsa da, çoğunluğu geldikleri yeni ülkede kalıcı olmuşlardır. Bu makale söz konusugöçmenlerin Amerika’ya vardıktan sonra, ev sahibi topluma sosyal ve ekonomik yönleri ileentegrasyonunu irdelemekte; ayrıca gerek Amerikan toplumunun ve siyasilerinin, gerekse de Osmanlıhükümetinin meseleye yaklaşımlarını incelemektedir. Osmanlı Arşiv belgeleri, dönemin Amerikanresmi göç istatistikleri ile basınında çıkan haberler ışığında yapılan bu çalışma Amerika’daki SuriyeliOsmanlıların diğer Avrupalı göçmen gruplarına kıyasla; işgücüne katkıları, çalışkanlıkları vetopluma uyum konusundaki iştiyakları dolaysıyla daha olumlu karşılandıklarını göstermektedir.Osmanlılar açısından ise Amerika’daki Suriyeliler konusu, imparatorluk aleyhine siyasi faaliyetler,tabiiyet meselesinden kaynaklanan suiistimaller ve Osmanlı imajının zayıflatılması nedeniyle birsorun olarak gündeme gelmiştir.

The Social and Economic Integration of the Ottoman Syrians Immigrants to the American Society 1870-1914

Between the late 19th and the early 20th centuries, thousands of Ottoman citizens from the Greater Syria region of the Empire, immigrated to the USA. At the beginning, the immigrants aimed to return back to their homeland after making a certain amount of money, however many of them stayed in the destination country. This article scrutinizes the social and economic integration of the Ottoman-Syrian immigrants to the host society. In addition it analyses both approaches of the Ottoman and American politicians and civil societies towards the Syrian immigrants issue. In the light of the Ottoman archival documents, American Immigration Records and the related news appeared in the American press of the time, the article points out that compared to the other European immigrant groups, the Ottoman Syrians were considered more successful in integration to the host society in terms of contribution to the labour force, diligence, as well as respect to the social norms. From the Ottomans’ perspective, the existence of the Syrians in the USA perceived as a concern because of their anti-Ottoman activities, abuse of dual nationality; and eroding the Ottoman image in America.

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