Yüksek Riskli Gebelerin Yaşadığı Stresörler ve Stresle Baş Etme Yöntemleri

Gebelik herhangi bir sağlık problemi olmasa bile biyolojik, fizyolojik ve psikolojik olarak stresli ve karmaşık bir süreçtir. Yüksek riskli gebeliklerde bu durum daha da belirgin ve şiddetlidir. Yüksek riskli gebelikte ortaya çıkan stresin anneye veya bebeğe ait sorunlar nedeniyle arttığı bilinmektedir. Gebe ve ailesi, yüksek riskli gebeliğin getirdiği kriz durumuyla baş etmek için, hem geçmişte kullandıkları baş etme mekanizmalarına başvurmak, hem de yeni başetme yöntemleri öğrenmek zorundadır. Gevşeme egzersizleri, düşleme-yoga, biyofeedback, sosyal destek, masaj terapisi, akupunktur, müzik terapisi, maneviyatı güçlendirme stresle baş etmeye yardımcı olan yöntemler arasındadır. Gebelerin önceden kullandıkları başetme yöntemlerinin tanımlanması ve etkili baş etme yöntemlerinin kullanılmasının öğretilmesi yüksek riskli gebelik nedeniyle oluşan stresin giderilmesine katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu derleme makalede sağlık çalışanlarına yüksek riskli gebelerin yaşadığı stresörler ve stresle baş etme yöntemleri konusunda bilgi vererek konuya farkındalıklarının artırılması amaçlanmıştır. Böylece hizmet sunanlar yüksek riskli gebelikte stresörlerin farkında olacak, uygun stresle başetme tekniklerinin kullanılmasını sağlayarak anne ve bebeğin sağlık sonuçlarının daha iyi olmasına önemli katkı verecektir.

Stress in High-Risk Pregnancies and Coping Methods

Pregnancy is a stressful and complicated process biologically, physiologically and psychologically even if there are no health problems involved. This situation is more significant and severe in high-risk pregnancies. Stress occurring in high-risk pregnancies is known to increase because of maternal or fetal problems. In order to cope in crisis situations brought on by high-risk pregnancies, pregnant women and their families must refer to coping mechanisms they used in the past and also learn new techniques. Relaxation exercises, guided imagery-yoga, biofeedback, social support, massage therapy, acupuncture, music therapy, and spirituality are some methods of coping with stress. Identifying the various coping methods pregnant women use and advancing the teaching of effective coping strategies will contribute to overcoming the stress. The aim of this review is to increase the awareness of stressors experienced by women in high-risk pregnancies and teaching coping strategies. The use of appropriate stress coping techniques can bring about better health outcomes for mother and baby, so health professionals should be more aware of stressors in high-risk pregnancies.

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