Onkolojide Genetik Gelişmeler ve Hemşirenin Rollerine Etkisi

Uluslararası İnsan Genom Projesi'nin tamamlanmasıyla ivme kazanan genetik alanındaki gelişmeler, sağlık hizmetlerinde yeni fırsatlar sunmakla birlikte, hemşire ve diğer sağlık personeline yeni roller yüklemektedir. Genetik bilimindeki bu ilerleme, özellikle onkoloji alanında çalışan hemşirelerin, genetik gelişmeleri takip ederek klinik uygulamalara temel oluşturacak genetik ve genomik bilgiye sahip olmalarını zorunlu hale getirmiştir. Onkoloji ile genetik biliminin iç içe geçtiği bu noktada, hemşirelerin sağlığı koruma uygulamaları kapsamında atacakları ilk adım kalıtsal kanser gelişimi açısından risk altında olan birey ve aileleri belirlemektir. Bireysel risklere yönelik verilecek eğitim ve danışmalık hizmeti ile bireylerin, hem sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışları hem de risk azaltıcı davranış geliştirmelerine olanak sağlanmalıdır. Onkoloji alanında çalışan hemşirelerin uzmanlık gerektiren bu alana ilişkin bilgi ve deneyimin yanı sıra genetik bilgiye sahip olmaları önem taşımaktadır. Kalıtsal kanserler ve bu kanserlerin kalıtım özellikleri hakkında bilgi sahibi olma, kişisel öykü ve aile öyküsü alınması sırasında risk altındaki kişilerin belirlenmesi ve genetik hizmetlerden fayda sağlayacak bireylerin uygun birimlere yönlendirilmesine olanak sağlayacaktır. Bu uygulamalara ek olarak genetik testler, test süreci ve olası sonuçları, risk taşıyan aile üyeleri arasında genetik risk iletişimi ve risk azaltıcı stratejiler konusunda eğitim ve danışmanlık sağlama, onkoloji hemşirelerinin önemli görevlerindendir. Bu derlemede, genetik bilim dalındaki gelişmelerin onkoloji hemşirelerinin rol ve sorumluluklarına etkisi literatür ışığında tartışılacaktır.

Genetic Advances in Oncology and the Effects on Nursing Roles

Developments in genetics, which have gained an exciting momentum with the completion of the International Human Genome Project, are bringing new roles to nurses and other health professionals as well as new opportunities for healthcare delivery. In line with this progress in genetics, it has become compulsory for oncology nurses in particular to gain genetics and genomic knowledge, which provides a basis for clinical practice, by following the developments. At the point of intersection of genetics and oncology, the Ş rst step that nurses should take in the context of healthcare practices is to identify individuals and families at risk for hereditary cancer. Individuals should develop both healthy lifestyle behaviors and risk-reducing behaviors by provided education and counselling regarding personal risk. Oncology nurses should have knowledge and experience in genetics as well as oncology. Having knowledge of hereditary cancers and their inheritance patterns will allow identiŞ cation of individuals at risk while taking personal/family history and directing individuals who may beneŞ t from genetic services to appropriate units. In addition, genetic testing, testing processes and possible results, education and counseling on genetic risk communication and risk reduction strategies to at-risk family members are important tasks of oncology nurses. In this review, the impact of genetic advances on the roles of oncology nurses is discussed in line with the literature.

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