Türkiye'de Evli Kadınların İşgücüne Katılımına Göre Oluşan Doğurganlık Farklılıkları: Ayrıştırma Analizi

Çocuk yetiştirmek özellikle annenin zaman harcaması gereken bir faaliyet olduğundan yapılan pek çok bilimsel çalışmada kadınların işgücüne katılımının çocuk sahibi olmanın fırsat maliyetini belirlediği ve buna bağlı olarak doğurganlığı etkilediği varsayılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye 'de evli kadınların işgücüne katılıp katılmamasına göre oluşan doğurganlık farklılıkları incelenmiştir. Analizlerde Devlet İstatistik Enstitüsü'nün 1999 yılı Ekim ayı Hanehalkı İşgücü Anketi verileri kullanılmıştır. Oluşturulan çocuk sayısı modellerinde Poisson Quasi Maksimum Olabilirlik Tahmin Yöntemi kullanılmış ve elde edilen tahminlerin geçerliliğini araştırmak amacıyla bootstrap tekniğinden faydalanümıştır. Oluşan doğurganlık farklılığının kadınların sahip olduğu beşeri sermaye (donanım) farklılığından veya işgücüne katılıp katılmamasına göre oluşan farklılıktan kaynaklandığı varsayılarak bu iki etkinin nispi katkıları "Oaxaca Ayrıştırma Analizi" kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar Türkiye'de kentsel kesimdeki kadınların işgücüne katılım durumuna göre oluşan doğurganlık farklılıklarının daha yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Diğer bir bulgu ise kentsel kesimde yaşayan ve işgücüne katılan kadınların çocuk sayısının kırsal kesimde yaşayan ve işgücüne katılan kadınlannkine oranla daha az olmasıdır.

Differences in Fertility According to Women's Labor Force Participation in Turkey: Decomposition Analysis

Since growing child is a time spending activity especially for women, it has been assumed in many studies that women's labor force participation determines the opportunity cost of having children, and consequently affects the fertility. In this study, the differences in fertility resulting from labor force participation are investigated for married women living in Turkey. In our analysis, the results of State Institute of Statistics' Household Labor force survey performed in October, 1999 is utilized. In the child quantity models, we use Poisson Quasi Maximum Likelihood Estimate Method, and the validity of the estimates is investigated by means of Bootstrap technique. Assuming that the differences infertility results from women's endowments or from differences in their labor force participation, the relative contributions are determined using "Oaxaca's Decomposition Analysis". The results show that the difference in fertility resulting from women's labor force participation is higher in urban areas in Turkey. Our another finding is that women living in urban areas and participating the labor force have fewer children than the women in rural areas.

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