Banur BOYNUKARA, Ziya İLHAN, Özdemir ADIZEL, Abdulbaki AKSAKAL, Atilla DURMUŞ

Yaban kuşlarında influenza A virüsleri

Avian influenza virüsleri insan, domuz, at, vizon, kedi, su memelileri ve evcil kanatlıların çoğunun içinde olduğu birçok türden izole edilmiştir. Özellikle ördek, kaz ve kuğu gibi su kuşları başta olmak üzere diğer bazı yabani kanatlılar, gerek yüksek patojen avian influenza (HPAI) ve gerekse düşük patojen avian influenza (LPAI) virüslerinin endemik taşıyıcılarıdır. Çok sayıda araştırıcı, Anseriformes takımında bulunan Anatidae familyası ile Charadriiformes takımında bulunan yabani kuşların, influenza A virüslerinin doğal konakçıları olduğunu belirtmektedir. Bu çalışmada, yaban kuşlarında influenza A virüs infeksiyonlarına ait yazılı kaynaklardan derlenen bilgiler sunulmuştur.

Influenza A virus in wild birds

Avian influenza viruses have been isolated from many species including humans, pigs, horses, minks, cats, marine mammals and a wide range of domestic birds. Some wildfowl, particularly shorebirds, ducks, geese and swans are thought to be the endemic carriers of high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses. Many researchers have reported that Anatidea family from Anseriformes and wildfowl from Charadriiformes are the natural hosts of influenza A viruses. This compilation introduces information concerning A virus infections in wildfowl.

PDF

___

1. Tumpey TM, Alvarez R, Swayne DE, Suarez DL. Diagnostic approach for differentiating infected from vacinated poultry on the basis of antibodies to ns1, the nonstructural protein of influenza a virus. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43: 676-683.
2. Alexander DJ. A review of avian influenza in different bird species: Proceedings of the ESVV symposium on animal influenza viruses, Gent 1999. Vet Microbiol 2000; 74: 3-13.
3. Douglas KO, Saurez DL, Lavoie MC. Influenza A virus surveillance of migratory waterfowl in Barbados, West Indies. Ann NY Acad Sci 2006; 1081: 169-170.
4. Olsen B, Munster VJ, Wallensten A, et al. Global patterns of influenza A virus in wild birds. Science 2006; 312: 384- 388.
5. Webster RG, Peiris M, Chen H, Guan Y. H5N1 outbreaks and enzootic influenza. Emerg Infect Dis 2006; 12: 3-8.
6. Wong SSY, Yuen K. Avian influenza virus infections in humans. Chest 2006; 129: 156-168.
7. Webster RG, Bean WJ, Gorman OT, Chambers TM, Kawaoka Y. Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses. Microbiol Rev 1992; 56: 152-179.
8. Fouchier RAM, Munster V, Wallensten A, et al. Characterization of novel influenza A virus hemagglutinin subtype (H16) obtained from black-headed gulls. J Virol 2005; 79: 2814-2822.
9. Hars J, Ruette S, Benmergui M, et al. The epidemiology of the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in mute swan (Cygnus olor) and other Anatidae in the Dombes region (France), 2006. J Wild Dis 2008; 44: 811-823.
10. Zarkov I. Ecological features of influenza A virus infection in wild birds. BJVM 2008; 11: 13-20.
11. Capua I, Alexander DJ. Avian influenza infectious in birds-a moving target. Influenza Other Respi Viruses 2007; 1: 11- 18.
12. Stallknecht DE, Shane SM. Host range of avian influenza virus in freeliving birds. Vet Res Commun 1988; 12: 125- 141.
13. Şanlıdağ T, Akçalı S, Akduman E. Avian influenza. Türk Mikrobiyol Cem Derg 2006; 36: 229-240.
14. Okazaki K, Takada A, Ito T, et al. Precursor genes of future pandemic influenza viruses are perpetuated in ducks nesting in Siberia. Arch Virol 2000; 145: 885-893.
15. Latorre-Margalef N, Gunnarsson G, Munster VJ, et al. Effect of influenza A virus infection on migrating mallard ducks. Proc R Soc 2009; 276: 1029-1036.
16. Munster VJ, Wallensten A, Baas C, et al. Mallards and highly pathogenic avian influenza ancestral viruses, Northern Europe. Emerg Infect Dis 2005; 11: 1545-1551.
17. Hanson BA, Stallknecht DE, Swayne DE, Lewis LA, Sene DA. Avian influenza viruses in Minnesota ducks during 1998-2000. Avian Dis 2003; 47: 867-871.
18. De Marco MA, Foni E, Campitelli L, et al. Long-term monitoring for avian influenza viruses in wild bird species in Italy. Vet Res Commun 2003; 27: 107-114.
19. Runstadler JA, Happ GM, Slemons RD, et al. Using RRTPCR analysis and virus isolation to determine the prevalence of avian influenza virus infections in ducks at minto flats state game refuge, Alaska, during August 2005. Arch Virol 2007; 152: 1901-1910.
20. Halvorson DA, Kelleher CJ, Senne DA. Epizootiology of avian influenza: Effect of season on incidence in sentinel ducks and domestic turkeys in Minnesota. Appl Environ Microbiol 1985; 49: 914-919.
21. Krauss S, Walker D, Pryor SP, et al. Influenza A viruses of migrating wild aquatic birds in North America. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2004; 4: 177-189.
22. Spackman E, Stallknecht DE, Slemons RD, et al. Phylogenetic analyses of type A influenza genes in natural reservoir species in North America reveals genetic variation. Virus Res 2005; 114: 89-100.
23. Gaidet N, Dodman T, Caron A, et al. Avian influenza viruses in water birds, Africa. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 13: 626-629.
24. Cardona CJ, Xing Z, Sandrock CE, Davis CE. Avian influenza in birds and mammals. Comp Immun Microbiol Infect Dis 2009; 32: 255-273.
25. Chen H, Smith GJD, Zhang SY, et al. H5N1 virus outbreak in migratory waterfowl. Nature 2005; 436: 191-192.
26. Ellis TM, Bousfield RB, Bissett LA, et al. Investigation of outbreaks of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in waterfowl and wild birds in Hong Kong in late 2002. Avian Pathol 2004; 33: 492-505.
27. Sturm-Ramirez KM, Ellis T, Bousfield B, et al. Re-emerging H5N1 influenza viruses in Hong Kong in 2002 are highly pathogenic to ducks. J Virol 2004; 78: 4892-4901.
28. Pantin-Jackwood MJ, Swayne DE. Pathobiology of Asian highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus infections in ducks. Avain Dis 2007; 51; 250-259.
29. Normile D. Evidence points to migratory birds in H5N1 spread. Science 2006; 311: 1225.
30. Akpınar E, Saatçi E. Avian influenza in Turkey-will it influence health in all Europe? Croat Med J 2006; 47: 7-15.
31. Zohari S, Gyarmati P, Thoren P, et al. Genetic characterization of the ns gene indicates co-circulation of two sub-lineages of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus of H5N1 subtype in Northern Europe in 2006. Virus Genes 2008; 36: 117-125.
32. Boynukara B, Aksakal A, Gülhan T, et al. Determination of avian influenza A viruses in some avian species in Van Lake basin by RT-PCR, their isolation and sub-typing (Third presenting of data). 3rd Epizone Annual Meeting, Crossing Borders, Antalya, Turkey. 2009; p: 116.
33. Anonim. “Türkiye’nin Kuş Cennetleri”. Çevre Bakanlığı, Çevre Koruma Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara: Yeşil seri: 5. 1995.
34. Durmuş A, Adızel Ö. A Study on eco-ornithofauna of the Balık Gölü and its surrounding (Doğu Beyazıt, Ağrı, Turkey). 2st Int. Eurasian Ornithology Congress, Antalya, Turkey. 2007; p: 53.
35. Adızel Ö, Durmuş A, Öğün E. Türkiye’nin ve Van Gölü Havzasının göçmen kuşların taşıdığı hastalıklar bakımından değerlendirilmesi. VIII. Ulusal Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Kongresi (Uluslararası katılımlı), Van, Türkiye. 2008; s: 254-255.
36. Adızel Ö. Van Gölü Havzası Ornitofaunası Üzerine Araştırmalar. Doktora Tezi, Van: Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1998.
37. Çöven F. The situation of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in Turkey. J Vet Med B 2006; 53: 34.
38. Öncül O, Turhan V, Çavuşlu S. H5N1 avian influenza: The Turkish dimension. Lancet Infect Dis 2006; 6: 186-187.
39. Çöven F. “Avian influenza surveylans çalışma”. http://bornova.vet.gov.tr/pdfveri/avian/surveylanscalisma.pd f./ 27.01.2009.
40. Kida H, Ito T, Yasuda J, et al. Potential for transmission of avian influenza viruses to pigs. J Gen Virol 1994; 75: 2183- 2188.