Veteriner hekimlikte yeni bir makrolid: Tulatromisin

Tulatromisin lakton halkasına sahip, geniş spektrumlu, yarı sentetik, makrolid grubu yeni bir üründür. Sığırlarda deri altı ve domuzlarda kas içi 2.5 mg/kg/canlı ağırlık tek doz olarak uygulanmaktadır. Sığırlarda Pasteurella haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Haemophilus somnus, Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia, Mycoplasma hyopneumonia ve Mycoplasma bovis’in, domuzlarda Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia, Pasteurella multocida ve Mycoplasma hyopneumonia’nın neden olduğu solunum sistemi hastalıklarının tedavisi ve korunmasında kullanılmaktadır. Bu derlemede, güncel literatürler ışığında tulatromisinin genel ve farmakolojik özellikleri, etki spektrumu, kullanım şekli, dozu, endikasyonu, yan etkileri ve toksisitesi üzerinde durulmuştur.

A new macrolide in veterinary medicine: Tulathromycin

Tulathromycin is a new product with a lactone ring, a broad spectrum semi-synthetic macrolide. It is administered at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg/bw as single dose subcutaneous in cattle and intramuscular in swine. It is used for the treatment and control of bovine respiratory disease caused Pasteurella haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Haemophilus somnus, Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia, Mycoplasma hyopneumonia and Mycoplasma bovis and swine respiratory disease caused Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia, Pasteurella multocida and Mycoplasma hyopneumonia. In this review, general and pharmacological properties of tulathromycin, spectrum of effect, usage, dosage, indication, side effects and toxicity was emphasized in the light of the current literature.

PDF

___

1. Anon. "Draxxin (tulathromycin) injectable solution". http://www.draxxin.com/PAHimages/compliance_pdfs/US_ EN_DR_Compliance.pdf/ 02.01.2009.
2. Anon. "Annex I- Summary of product characteristics". http://www.ema.europa.eu/ 05.11.2012.
3. Brown SA. Tulathromycin Solution for Parenteral Injection for Treatment of Swine and Bovine Respiratory Disease. http://www.fda.cvm/Documents/Brown.ppt/ 02.01.2009.
4. Anon. “Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Tulathromycin solution for parenteral injection for treatment of bovine and swine repiratory diseases. Maryland (USA), 2004”. http://www.fda.gov/ 05.01.2009.
5. Hart FJ, Kilgore RW, Meinert TR, et al. Efficacy of tulathromycin in the treatment of respiratory disease in pigs caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. J Vet Rec 2006; 158: 433-436.
6. Carrie DF, Jennifer KB, Cheryl GZ, et al. Antiinflammatory benefits of antibiotic-induced neutrophil apoptosis: tulathromycin induces caspase-3-dependent neutrophil programmed cell death and inhibits NF-B signaling and CXCL8 transcription. Antimicrob Agents Ch 2011; 55: 338-348.
7. Anon. “Draxxin”. www.pfizer.com.tr/pfizer/tr/UploadedPdf/ 308.pdf/ 26.12.2008.
8. EMEA. “Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products: Tulathromycin-Summary Report (2). European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products, London (GB), 2004”. http://www.emea.europa.eu/pdfs/vet/mrls/089404en.pdf/ 26.12.2008.
9. EMEA. “Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products: Tulathromycin-Summary Report (1). European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products, London (GB), 2002”. http://www.emea.europa.eu/pdfs/ vet/mrls/084202en.pdf-2008-11-25/ 26.12.2008.
10. Gáler D, Hessong S, Beato B, et al. An analytical method for the analysis of tulathromycin, an equilibrating triamilide, in bovine and porcine plasma and lung. J Agric Food Chem 2004; 52: 2179-2191.
11. Evans NA. Tulathromycin: an overview of a new triamilide antibiotic for livestock respiratory disease. J Vet Ther 2005; 6: 83-95.
12. Norcia LJ, Silvia AM, Santoro SL, et al. In vitro microbiological characterization of a novel azalide, two triamilides and an azalide ketal against bovine and porcine respiratory pathogens. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2004; 57: 280- 288.
13. Retsema JA, Brennan LA, Girard AE. Effects of environmental factors on the in vitro potency of azithromycin. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1991; 10: 834- 842.
14. Letavic MA, Bronk BS, Bertsche CD, et al. Synthesis and activity of a novel class of tribasic macrocyclic antibiotics: the triamilides. J Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12: 2771- 2774.
15. Anadon A, Reeve-Johnson L. Macrolide antibiotics, drug interactions and microsomal enzymes: Implications for veterinary medicine. J Res Vet Sci 1999; 66: 197-203.
16. Chambers HF. Antimicrobial agents - Protein synthesis inhibitors and miscellaneous antibacterial agents. In: Hardman JG, Limbrid LE, Gilman AG, (Editors). Goodman and Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 10th Edition, New York: McGraw-Hill, Medical Publishing Division 2001: 1239-1271.
17. Benchaoui HA, Nowakowski M, Sherington J, Rowan TG, Sunderland SJ. Pharmacokinetics and lung tissue concentrations of tulathromycin in swine. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2004; 27: 203-210.
18. Booker CW, Abutarbush SM, Schunict OC, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of tulathromycin as a metaphylactic antimicrobial in feedlot calves. J Vet Ther 2007; 8: 183-200.
19. Godinho KS, Keane SG, Nanjiani IA, et al. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of tulathromycin against respiratory bacterial pathogens isolated from clinical cases in European cattle and swine and variability arising from changes in in vitro mtehodology. J Vet Ther 2005; 6: 113- 121.
20. Godinho KS. Susceptibility testing of tulathromycin: interpretative breakpoints and susceptibility of field isolates. J Veterinary Microbiology 2008; 129: 426-432.
21. Nickell JS, White BJ, Larson RL, Blasia DA, Renter DG. Comparison of short-term health and performance effects related to prophylactic administration of tulathromycin versus tilmicosin in long-hauled, highly stressed beef stocker calves. J Vet Ther 2008; 9: 147-156.
22. Perrett T, Abutarbush SM, Wildman BK, et al. A comparison of florfenicol and tulathromycine for the treatment of undifferentiated fever in feedlot calves. J Vet Ther 2008; 9: 128-140.
23. Skogerboe TL, Rooney KA, Nutsch RG, et al. Comparative efficacy of tulathromycin versus florfenicol and tilmicosin against undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease in feedlot cattle. J Vet Ther 2005; 6: 180-196.
24. Lane VM, George LW, Cleaver DM. Efficacy of tulathromycin for treatment of cattle with acute ocular Moraxella bovis infections. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2006; 229: 557-561.
25. Nanjiani IA, McKelvie J, Benchaoui HA, et al. Evaluation of the therapeutic activity of tulathromycin against swine respiratory disease on farms in Europe. J Vet Ther 2005; 6: 203-213.
26. Nutcsh RG, Rooney KA, Weigel DJ, Kilgore WR, Skogerboe TL. Efficacy of tulathromycin injectable solution for the treatment of naturally occuring swine respiratory disease. J Vet Ther 2005; 6: 214-224.
27. Venner M, Kerth R, Klug E. Evalution of tulathromycin in the treatment of pulmonary abscesses in foals. J Vet 2007; 174: 418-421.
28. Kapusnik-Uner JE, Sande MA, Chambers HF. Antimicrobial agents: tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and miscellaneous antibacterial agents In: Hardman JG, Limbird LE. (Editors). Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 9th Edition, New York: McGraw-Hill 1995: 1123-1153.
29. Spoo JW, Riviere JE. Chloramphenicol, macrolides, lincosamides, fluoroquinolones and miscellaneous antibiotics. In: Adams HR. (Editor). Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Ames (USA): Iowa State University Press 1995: 820-855.