İŞLETMELERİN İNOVASYON YAPMALARINA ENGEL OLAN FAKTÖRLERİN BELİRLENMESİNE YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA: ERZİNCAN ORGANİZE SANAYİ BÖLGESİ ÖRNEĞİ

Bu çalışma Erzincan Organize Sanayi Bölgesinde (OSB) faaliyet gösteren işletmelerin inovasyon yapmalarına engel olan iç ve dış faktörlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca iç inovasyon engelleri ile dış inovasyon engelleri arasında ve inovasyon engelleri ile işletmelerin genel yapısı (yıllık ciro, faaliyet süresi ve çalışan sayısı) arasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin olup olmadığının tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçlar doğrultusunda hazırlanan anket formu 2018 yılı Nisan ayı itibariyle, Erzincan OSB’ de faaliyet gösteren 35 işletmenin sahip ve yöneticilerinin tamamına uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, dış inovasyon engeli olarak “ürün yeniliğinin kopyalanmasının kolay olması”, iç inovasyon engeli olarak da “çalışanların yeteneklerinin yetersiz olması” ön plana çıkan engeller olmuştur. Ayrıca yapılan korelasyon analizi sonuçlarına göre iç ve dış inovasyon engelleri arasında güçlü ve anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın merkezi ve yerel birimler tarafından işletmelerin inovasyon güçlerinin arttırılmasına yönelik olarak yapacakları planlamalara ve çalışmalara önemli katkılar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu sayede de işletmelerin ve ülkenin teknolojik gelişimine ve uluslararası rekabetçiliğine çeşitli katkılar sağlanması umulmaktadır. Ayrıca çalışmanın ülke genelinde iç ve dış inovasyon engellerinin belirlenmesine yönelik yapılacak akademik çalışmalara da katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

A STUDY ON DETERMINING THE FACTORS PREVENTING ENTERPRISES FROM INNOVATION: ERZINCAN ORGANIZED INDUSTRIAL ZONE EXAMPLE

This study was conducted to determine the internal and external factors that prevent the innovation activities of enterprises operating in the Erzincan Organized Industrial Zone (OIZ). Additionally, it was also aimed in this study to determine whether there was a statistically significant relationship between internal and external innovation barriers, and also between the innovation barriers and general structures of the enterprises (annual return, operating cycle, and number of employees). The survey form that was prepared in line with these aims was applied to all the owners and managers of 35 enterprises that were functioning in the Erzincan OIZ as of April 2018. According to the results of the study, “the simplicity of copying the product innovation” was determined as the external innovation barrier, and “insufficient skills of the employees” was determined as the internal innovation barrier. Additionally, based on the results of the correlation analysis, it was determined that there was a statistically significant and strong relationship between the internal and external innovation barriers. It is considered that this study will make important contributions to the plans and studies to be conducted by the central and local units for increasing the innovation potentials of enterprises. By this means, it is expected that this will also contribute to the technological development and international competitiveness of enterprises and country. In addition, it is thought that the study will contribute to the academic studies that will be conducted in order to identify internal and external innovation barriers throughout the country.

PDF

___

Agolla, J.E. ve Lill, J.B.V. (2016). An empirical investigation into innovation drivers and barriers in public sector organizations, International Journal of Innovation Science, 8(4), 404-422, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIS-06-2016-0006
Atalay, M., Anafarta, N. ve Sarvan, F. (2013). The relationship between innovation and firm performance: An empirical evidence from Turkish Automotive Supplier Industry, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 75, 226-235, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ article/ pii/S1877042813005624
Baldwin, J. ve Lin Z. (2002). Impediments to advanced technology adoption for Canadian manufacturers, Research Policy, 31(1), 1-18, https://www. sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S004873330100110X
Baregheh, A., Rowley J. ve Sambrook S. (2009). Towards a multidisciplinary definition of innovation, Management Decision, 47(8), 1323-1339, https://doi.org/10.1108/ 00251740910984578
Blasco, A.S., Quevedo, J.G. ve Carrizosa, M.T. (2008). Barriers to Innovation and Public Policy in Catalonia, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 4(4), 431-451, https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/236202322_Barriers_to_Innovation_and_Public_Policy_in_Catalonia
Bozkurt, Ö. ve Kalkan A. (2014). Business strategies of SME’s, innovation types and factors influencing their innovation: Burdur model, Ege Akademik Bakış, 14(2), 189-198, https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4dc9/ d8c5f420f4b93d1c51810 fc7d7e8c8c9fcc8.pdf
Chasanidou, D., Sivertstøl N. ve Hildrum J. (2018). Exploring employee interactions and quality of contributions in intra‐organizational innovation platforms, Creativity and Innovation Management, 27(4), 1-18, https://onlinelibrary. wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ caim.12290
Cleverism. (2019, 24 Mart). Examples of innovative marketing strategies used by big businesses, https://www.cleverism.com/lexicon/ innovation-marketing-definition/
Crossan, M.M. ve Apaydın M. (2010), A multi-dimensional framework of organizational innovation: A Systematic review of the literature, Journal of Management Studies, 47(6), https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/ 10.1111/ j.1467-6486.2009.00880.x
D’este, P., Iammarino S., Savona M. ve Tunzelmann N.V. (2012). What hampers innovation? Revealed barriers versus deterring barriers, Research Policy, 41(2012), 482-488, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S00487333110 01764
Damanpour, F., Walker, R.M. ve Avellaneda C.N. (2009). Combinative effects of innovation types and organizational performance: A longitudinal study of service organizations, Journal of Management Studies, 46(4), 650-675, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2008.00814.x
Drucker, P. (1998). Innovation and Entrepreneurship Practice and Principles, Perfect Bound, http://www.untag-smd.ac.id/files/Perpustakaan_Digital_1/ ENTREPRENEURSHIP%20 Innovation%20and%20entrepreneurship.PDF
Dundas, N.H. (2006). Resource and capability constraints to innovation in small and large plants, Small Business Economics, 26(3), 257–277, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11187-005-2140-3
Frenkel, A. (2003). Barriers and limitations in the development of industrial innovation in the region, European Planning Studies, 11(2), 115-137, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0965431032000072837
Galia, F. ve Legros D. (2004). Complementarities between obstacles to innovation: evidence from France, Research Policy, 33(2004), 1185–1199, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol. 2004.06.004
Gault, F. (2018). Defining and measuring innovation in all sectors of the economy, Research Policy, 47, 617-622, https://www.sciencedirect.com/ science/article/pii/S0048733318300076
Gökçe, S.G. (2010). İnovasyon Kavramı ve İnovasyonun Önemi, Fırat Kalkınma Ajansı Yayınları, http://fka.gov.tr/sharepoint/userfiles/Icerik_ Dosya_Ekleripdf,
Guijarro, A.M., Garcia, D. ve Auken H.V. (2009). Barriers to innovation among spanish manufacturing SMEs, Journal of Small Business Management, 47(4), 465-488, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/ 10.1111/ j.1540-627X.2009.00279.x
Hadjimanolis, A. (1999). Barriers to innovation for SMEs in a small less developed country (Cyprus), Technovation, 19(1999), 561–570, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166497299000346
Hartono, A. (2018). Do innovation barriers drive a firm to adopt open innovation? indonesian firms’ experiences, Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 17(6), https://www.abacademies.org/articles/Do-innovation-barriers-drive-a-firm-to-adopt-open-innovation-1939-6104-17-6-300.pdf
Hölzl, W. ve Janger, J. (2013). Does the analysis of innovation barriers perceived by high growth firms provide information on innovation policy priorities?, Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 80(2013), 1450–1468, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013. 05.010
Iammarino, S., Randaccio, F.S. ve Savona, M. (2006). Multinational firms and obstacles to innovation. Evidence from the Italian Community Innovation Survey, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228701821_ Multinational_firms_and_obstacles_to_innovation_Evidence_from_the_Italian_Community_Innovation_Survey_CIS3
Innolytics. (2019, 24 Mart). Organizational innovation examples, https://innolytics-innovation.com/innovation-management/organizational-innovation-examples/
Insead. (2017). The Global Innovation Index 2017, http://www.wipo.int/edocs/ pubdocs/en/ wipo_pub_gii_2017.pdf
Insead. (2018). The Global Innovation Index 2018, http://www.wipo.int/edocs/ pubdocs/en/ wipo_pub_gii_2018.pdf
Kahn, K.B. (2018). Understanding Innovation, Kelley School of Business, 61, 453-460, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0007681318300 119.2018. 01.011
Kalaycı, Ş. (2006). SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri. Ankara: Asil Yayın Dağıtım.
Karabulut, A.T. (2015). Effects of innovation types on performance of manufacturing firms in Turkey, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 1355-1364, https://www. sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S187704281503801X
Kim, Y. ve Lui, S.S. (2015). The impacts of external network and business group on innovation: Do the types of innovation matter?, Journal of Business Research, 68, 1964-1973, https://www. sciencedirect.com/science/article/ pii/S014829631500020X
Kotey, B. ve Sorensen, A. (2014). The identification and characterization of open innovation profiles in Italian small and medium-sized enterprises, Australasian Journal of Regional Studies, 20(3), 405-429, https://www.anzrsai.org/assets/Uploads/ Publication Chapter/Kotey-and-Sorenson-final.pdf
Larsen, P. ve Lewis, A. (2007). How award-winning SMEs manage the barriers to innovation, Creativity and Innovation Management, 16(2), 142-151, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1467-8691.2007.00428.x
Lewandowska, M.S. (2014). Innovation barriers and international competitiveness of enterprises from polish food processing industry. Research Results, Oeconomia, 13(4), 103–113, yadda.icm.edu.pl/yadda/element/...agro.../ 103-113.pdf
Madeira, M.J., Carvalho, J., Moreira, J.R.M., Duarte, F.A. ve Filho, F.S.P. (2017). Barriers to innovation and the innovative performance of Portuguese firms, Journal of Business, 9(1), 2-22, https://doi.org/ 10.21678/jb.2017.822
Martinez, M.G. ve Briz, J. (2000). Innovation in the Spanish food & drink industry, International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 3(2), 155–176, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S10967508 00000331
Mcadam, R., Mcconvery, T. ve Armstrong, G. (2004). Barriers to innovation within small firms in a peripheral location, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 10(3), 206-221, https:// doi.org/10.1108/135525504105 36780
Moellers, T., Visini, C. ve Haldimann, M. (2018). Complementing open innovation in multi-business firms: practices for promoting knowledge flows across internal units, R&D Management, 6(1), 1-20, https://onlinelibrary.wiley. com/doi/full/10.1111/radm.12343
Mohnen, P. ve Röller, L.H. (2005). Complementarities in innovation policy, European Economic Review, 49(6), 1431-1450, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014292103001600
Mohnen, P. ve Rosa, J.M. (2002). Barriers to Innovation in Service Industries in Canada, In: Feldman M.P., Massard N. (eds) Institutions and Systems in the Geography of Innovation. Economics of Science, Technology and Innovation, vol 25. Springer, Boston, MA, https://link.springer.com/ chapter/10.1007/978-1-4615-0845-8_11,
Nunes, L.B. (2015). Schumpeter's entrepreneurs in the 20th century: The Tucker automobile, Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 102 (2016), 14–20, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore. 2015.02.021
OECD/Eurostat. (2018). Guidelines for Collecting, Reporting and Using Data on Innovation (4th Edition), The Measurement of Scientific, Technological and Innovation Activities, OECD Oslo Manual 2018, https://doi.org/ 10.1787/9789264304604-en
Plotnikova, I., Korneva, O. ve Ustuizhanina, A. (2015). Barriers to innovation in the implementation of the investment strategy: An empirical study, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 166(2015), 369- 377, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042814066774
Porter, M. (1990). Competitive advantage of nations, Harvard Business Review, 73-91, http://www.economie.ens.fr/IMG/pdf/porter_1990_-_the_ competitive _advantage_of_nations. pdf
Rajapathirana, R.P.J. ve Hui, Y. (2018). Relationship between innovation capability, innovation type, and firm performance, Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 3, 44-55, https://www. sciencedirect.com/ science/article/pii/S2444569X17300409
Ramilo, R. ve Embi, M.R.B. (2014). Critical analysis of key determinants and barriers to digital innovation adoption among architectural organizations, Frontiers of Architectural Research, 3, 431-451, https://www.sciencedirect.com/ science/article/pii/S2095263514000429
Ren, T. (2009). Barriers and drivers for process innovation in the petrochemical industry: A case study, Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 26 (4), 285-304, http://eprints. mdx.ac.uk/5224/
Saatçioğlu, Ö.Y. ve Özmen, Ö.N. (2010). Analyzing the barriers encountered in innovation process through interpretive structural modelling: Evidence from Turkey, Yönetim ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(2), 207-225, http://dergipark.gov.tr/ yonveek/ issue/13693/165729
Sabuncu, B. (2014). KOBİ’lerde yenilik ve engellerinin tespitine yönelik bir araştırma: Denizli örneği, İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 103-123, http://isarder.com/isardercom/2014vol6issue1/vol.6_issue.1_article08.full.text.pdf
Saigosoom, N. (2012). Barriers and Opportunities for Small and Medium-Sized Thai Food Firms in The Context of Innovation Management: The Case of Processed Marine and Processed Fruit and Vegetable Sectors. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Manchester Business School Internet Address: https://www.escholar. manchester.ac.uk/uk-ac-man-scw:185612
Sandberg, B. ve Stenroos, L.A. (2014). What makes it so difficult? A systematic review on barriers to radical innovation, Industrial Marketing Management, 43, 1293-1305, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ article/pii/S0019850114001400
Schachter, M.E. (2018). The nature and variety of innovation, International Journal of Innovation Studies, 2, 1-15, https://www.sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S2096248718300249
Sinnaps. (2019, 24 Mart). Examples of innovation. Internet Address: https://www.sinnaps.com/en/project-management-blog/examples-of-innovation
Silva, M., Leitao J. ve Raposo, M. (2007) Barriers to Innovation faced by Manufacturing Firms in Portugal: How to overcome it?, Munich Personal RePEc Archive, 1-13, https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/ 5408/1/MPRA_paper_5408/
Stendahl, M. ve Roos, A. (2008). Antecedents and barriers to product innovation-a comparison between innovating and non-innovating strategic business units in the wood industry, Silva Fennica, 42(4), 659-681, https://silvafennica.fi/pdf/article239.pdf
Sund, K.J. (2008). Innovation in the Postal Sector: strategies, barriers and enablers. Project Report. SAP, http://eprints. mdx.ac.uk/5224/
Szymańska, E. (2017). User-driven innovation-the concept and research results, Procedia Engineering, 182(2017), 694–700, https://pdf.sciencedirectassets. com/278653/1-s2.0-S1877705817X0012X/1-s2.0-S1877705817313188/ main.pdf
Şahbaz, A. ve Tanyeri, M. (2018). Küçük ve orta büyüklükteki işletmelerde inovasyona yönelik tutumlar ve inovasyon engelleri: Çanakkale ilinde KOBİ’ler üzerine bir araştırma, ÇOMÜ Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 3(2), 233-263, https://dergipark.org.tr/download/article-file/564694
Şahin, A. (2009). Mersin’de faaliyet gösteren küçük ve orta büyüklükteki işletmelerin yenilik faaliyetlerinin ölçülmesi, Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 10(2), 259-271, http://journal.dogus.edu.tr /index.php/duj/article/view/48
Tavassoli, S. ve Karlssonb, C. (2015). Persistence of various types of innovation analyzed and explained, Research Policy, 44, 1887-1901, https://www. sciencedirect.com/ science/article/ pii/S0048733 315000980
Thomä, J. (2017). DUI mode learning and barriers to innovation-A case from Germany, Research Policy, 46(2017), 1327–1339, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017. 06.004
Tiwari, R. ve Buse, S. (2007). Barriers to Innovation in SMEs: Can the Internationalization of R&D Mitigate Their Effects?, Proceedings of the First European Conference on Knowledge for Growth: Role and Dynamics of Corporate R&D, Seville, Spain, October 8-9, 2007.
Uzkurt, C. (2010). İnovasyon Yönetimi: İnovasyon Nedir, Nasıl Yapılır ve Nasıl Pazarlanır?, Ankara Sanayi Odası Yayın Organı, http://www.aso.org.tr/ b2b/asobilgi/sayilar/4dosyatemmuzagustos 2010.pdf
Weber, B. ve Heidenreich, S. (2018). When and with whom to cooperate? investigating effects of cooperation stage and type on innovation capabilities and success, Long Range Planning, 51, 334-350, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0024630117302996
Werner, H. ve Jürgen, J. (2012). Innovation barriers across firms and countries, WIFO Working Papers 426, https://www. econstor.eu/handle/10419/ 128992
Yaxuan, C. (2017). Innovation Activities, Knowledge Sourcing and Perception of Innovation Barriers Evidence from China, Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Durham, http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12073/
Zwick, T. (2002). Employee resistance against innovations, International Journal of Manpower, 23(6),542-552, https://doi.org/10.1108/01437720210446397