Bilgisayar destekli istatistik öğretiminin başarıya ve istatistiğe karşı tutuma etkisi

Birçok araştırmacı bilgisayar destekli öğretimin istatistiği öğrenme üzerine etkisini araştırmıştır. Yapılan araştırmaların çoğunda istatistik derslerinde bilgisayar destekli öğretime yer vermenin öğrenci başarısını ve tutumunu olumlu düzeyde etkilediği bulunurken bazı araştırmalarda bu iki değişken üzerinde söz konusu etki önemsiz bulunmuştur. Bu araştırmanın amacı, bilgisayar destekli istatistik öğretiminin, öğrencilerin istatistik dersindeki başarı düzeylerine ve istatistik dersine karşı tutum düzeylerine etkisi olup olmadığını belirlemektir. Bu amaç için öntest – sontest kontrol gruplu deneysel araştırma deseni kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçları, istatistik derslerinde bilgisayar kullanmanın (internetten, görsel materyallerden, istatistik yazılımlardan yararlanmanın) istatistik dersindeki başarıyı ve istatistik dersine karşı tutumu artırdığını göstermektedir.

The effect of computer –assisted statistics instruction on achievement and attitudes toward statistics

A great number of researchers have explored the impact of computer assisted teaching of statistics. While most of these studies found that computer assisted teaching of statistics courses significantly improve student achievement level and their attitudes toward statistics, others found that the impact of computer assisted teaching was not significant in these two variables. The purpose of this study was to test if a computer-based teaching of statistics course segment has significant influence on students’ achievement levels and their attitudes toward the statistics course. For this purpose, a pretest-post test control experimental design was used. Results of the study showed that use of computers (utilization of statistical software, the internet, visually rich materials etc.) significantly enhances students’ achievement and attitude.

___

  • Aberson, C. L., Berger, D. E., Emerson, E. P., & Romero, V. L. (1997). WISE: Web interface for statistics education. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 29, 217-221.
  • Açıkalın, M. ve Duru, E. (2005). The use of computer technologies in the social studies calssroom. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology – TOJET 4, 2, 18-26.
  • Alkan, C. (1986). Eğitimde bilgisayar kullanımı. Eğitim ve Bilim, 11, 62, 9-15.
  • Alkan, C. (1995). Eğitim Teknolojisi. Dördüncü Baskı, Atilla Kitapevi: Ankara.
  • Aşkar, P. ve Erden, M. (1986). “Mikrobilgisayarların Okullarda Kullanımı”, Eğitim ve Bilim. 11, 61.
  • Aydın, E. (2005). The Use of computers in mathematics education: A paradigm shift from “Computer Assisted Instruction” towards “Student Programming”. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology – TOJET 4, 2, 27-34.
  • Bartz, A. E. (2001). Computer and software use in teaching the beginning statistics course. Teaching of Psychology, 28, 147-149.
  • Baykal, A. (1990). Eğitimci İçin Bilgisayar Nedir, Ne Değildir? M.Ü. Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi. 2, 37-43.
  • Barnet, B. D. (1999). A comparison of the effects of using interactive WWW simulations versus hands-on activities on the conceptual understanding and attitudes of introductory statistics students. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Iowa State University. Dissertation Abstracts International, 60, 3940.
  • Beins, B. C. (1989). A BASIC program for generating integer means and variances. Teaching of Psychology, 16, 230-231.
  • Ben-Zvi, D. (2000). Toward understanding the role of technological tools in statistical learning. Mathematical Thinking & Learning, 2, 127-155.
  • Britt, M. A., Sellinger, J., & Stillerman, L. M. (2002). A review of ESTAT: An innovative program for teaching statistics. Teaching of Psychology, 29, 73-75.
  • Bosco, A. (2004). ICT resources in the teaching of mathematics: between computer and school technologies. A case-study. The Curriculum Journal, 15,3, 265-280.
  • Butler, D. L., & Eamon, D. B. (1985). An evaluation of statistical software for research and instruction. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 17, 352-358.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2000). SPSS uygulamalı bilgisayar destekli istatistik öğretiminin istatistiğe yönelik tutumlara ve istatistik başarısına etkisi. Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1, 13, 20.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2006). Deneysel desenler: Öntest - sontest, kontrol grubu, desen ve veri analizi. İkinci Baskı. Pegema Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Cebeci, Z., Bek, Y., (1999). İnternet’te istatistik eğitimi: alfa sanal istatistik okulu. I. İstatistik Kongresi. Türk İstatistik Derneği ve İstatistik Mezunları Derneği. 5-9 Mayıs 1999, Belek, Antalya.
  • Christmann, E. P., & Badgett, J. L. (1999). The comparative effectiveness of various microcomputer-based software packages on statistical achievement. Computers in the Schools, 16, 209-220.
  • Couch, J. V., & Stoloff, M. L. (1989). A national survey of microcomputer use by academic psychologists. Teaching of Psychology, 16, 145-147.
  • Earley, M. A. (2001). Improving statistics education through simulations: The case of the sampling distribution. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Mid-Western Educational Research Association, Chicago, IL. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED458282).
  • Ergün, M. (1995). Bilimsel Araştırmalarda Bilgisayarla İstatistik Uygulamaları. Ocak Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Foreman, K. K. (2005). Design and evaluation of computer-asssisted instruction in the health sciences. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. The University of Utah, ABD.
  • Gardner, K. D. (2007). Investigating secondary school students’ experience of learning statistics. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. Georgia State University, Atlanta, ABD:
  • Garfield, J. (1995). How students learn statistics. International Statistical Review, 63, 25-34.
  • Gonzalez, G. M., & Birch, M. A. (2000). Evaluating the instructional efficacy of computer-mediated interactive multimedia: Comparing three elementary statistics tutorial modules. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 22, 411-430.
  • Gratz, Z. S., Volpe, G. D., & Kind, B. M. (1993). Attitudes and achievement in introductory psychological statistics classes: Traditional versus computer-supported instruction. Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Undergraduate Teaching of Psychology, Ellenville, New York. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED365405).
  • Harkness, W. L., Lane, J. L. ve Harwood, J. T. (2003). A Cost-Effective Model for Teaching Elementary Statistics With Improved Student Performance. Journal for Asynchronous Learning Networks (JALN) 7, 2
  • Hatchette, V., Zivian, A. R., Zivian, M. T., & Okada, R. (1999). STAZ: Interactive software for undergraduate statistics. Behavioral Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 31, 19-23.
  • Hogg, R. V. (1992). Towards lean and lively course in statistics. In F. Gordon &; S. Gordon (Eds.), Statistics for the twenty-first century. MAA notes No. 26 (pp. 3-13). Washington: Mathematical Association of America
  • Hsu, Y. (2003). The effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction in statistics education: A meta-analysis. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. The University Of Arizona: ABD. UMI Number: 3089963
  • Khamis, H. J. (1991). Manual computations — A tool for reinforcing concepts and techniques. The American Statistician, 45, 294-299.
  • Köklü, N. (1994). İstatistiksel Sınav Kaygısının Kestirilmesi. Eğitim ve Bilim. 18, 91, 45-49.
  • Köklü, N. (1996). İstatistik Kaygı Ölçeği: Psikometrik veriler. Eğitim ve Bilim. 20, 102, 45-49.
  • Köksal, A. (1981). Bilişim Terimleri Sözlüğü. TDK Yayınları No:476, Ankara.
  • Krieger, H., & James, P. L. (1992). Computer graphics and simulations in teaching statistics. In F. Gordon & S. Gordon (Eds.), Statistics for the twenty-first century. MA A notes No. 26 (pp. 167-188). Washington: Mathematical Association of America.
  • Lane, D. M., & Tang, Z. (2000). Effectiveness of simulation training on transfer of statistical concepts. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 22, 383-396.
  • Lee, C. (1999). Computer-assisted approach for teaching statistical concepts. Computers in the Schools, 16, 193-208.
  • Malloy, T. E., Jensen, G. C. (2001). Utah Virtual Lab: Java interactivity for teaching science and statistics on line. Behavioral Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 33, 282-286.
  • Mills, J. D. (2002). Using computer simulation methods to teach statistics: A review of the literature. Journal of Statistics Education, 10. Retrieved November 19, 2002, from http://www.amstat.org/publications/ jse/vlOnl/mills.html
  • Mitzlaff, H. and Wiederhold, K.A. “ilkokullarda Bilgisayar Uygulaması”, Eğitim ve Bilim. (çev: Mualla Bilgin). Sayı:84, 1992.
  • Moore, D. S. (1997). New pedagogy and new content: The case of statistics. International Statistical Review, 65, 123-165.
  • Morris, E. J. (1998) Link: The principled design of a computer assisted learning program for correlation. The fifth international conference on teaching statistics (ICOTS 5). Singapore. 3.4.2009 tarihinde http:// www.stat.auckland.ac.nz/~iase/publications/2/Topic7zh.pdf adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Mvududu, N. (2005). An attempt to move from “sadistics” to statistics. USCOTS (United States Conference on Teaching Statistics), May 19-21, 2005 at The Ohio State University in Columbus, ABD.
  • Nuno, J. A. (2005). Is computer-assisted instruction an effective tool in the reading – writing classroom? Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. California State Universtiy, ABD.
  • Petrocelli, J. V. (2007). The Utility of Computer-Assisted Power Analysis Lab Instruction. Teaching of Psychology,34:4, 248 — 252.
  • Schuyten, G. & Dekeyser, H.M. (2007). Preference for textual information and acting on support devices in multiple representations in a computer based learning environment for statistics. Computers in Human Behavior 23 (2007) 2285–2301.
  • Schuyten, G., Dekeyser, H.M.. ve Goemine, K. (1999).Towards an electronic independent learning environment for statistics in higher education. Education and Information Technologies 4:4: 409 - 424.
  • Snell, J. L., & Peterson, W. P. (1992). Does the computer help us understand statistics? In F. Gordon & S. Gordon (Eds.), Statistics for the twenty-first century. MAA notes No. 26 (pp. 167-188). Washington: Mathematical Association of America.
  • Suanpang, P., Petocz, P., & Kalceff, W. (2004). Student Attitudes to Learning Business Statistics: Comparison of Online and Traditional Methods. Educational Technology & Society, 7 (3), 9-20.
  • Ünal, Ç. (1992). Bilgisayar destekli eğitim yaklaşımlarının ilköğretimde uygulanabilirliği ve ilköğretim için geliştirilmiş bir ders yazılımının bilgisayar destekli eğitim yaklaşımları açısından değerlendirilmesi. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Eskişehir.
  • Varnhagen, C. K., & Zumbo, B. D. (1990). CAI as an adjunct to teaching introductory statistics: Affecting mediates learning. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 6, 29-40.
  • Warner, C. B., & Meehan, A. M. (2001). Microsoft Excel-super (TM) as a tool for teaching basic statistics. Teaching of Psychology, 28, 295-298.
  • Watts, D. G. (1991). Why is introductory statistics difficult to learn and what can we do to make it easier? The American Statistician, 45, 290-291.
  • West, R. W., Ogden, R. T., & Rossini, A. J. (1998). Statistical tools on the World Wide Web. The American Statistician, 52, 257-262.
  • Yiğit, N. ve Akdeniz, A. R. (2003). Fizik öğretiminde bilgisayar destekli etkinliklerin öğrenci kazanımları üzerine etkisi: elektrik devreleri örneği. GÜ, Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 23, 3, 99-113.