Obezitenin Fetal Programlaması

Fetal süreçte ve yaşamın ilk yıllarında maruz kalınan çevresel etmenlerin yaşam boyu sağlığı etkileyebileceği görüşü son yıllarda üzerinde durulan önemli bir konudur. Özellikle obezitenin kökeni yaşamın erken dönemine uzanmakta olup prenatal ve/veya postnatal süreçte yetersiz beslenme ileriki süreçte obeziteye yatkınlığı artırmaktadır. Organ işlevlerinde bozukluk, insülin sekresyonu ve duyarlılığında değişiklik, yağ hücrelerinin sayı ve/veya büyüklüğünde artış veya adipoz doku işlevlerinde değişiklik ile iştah regülasyonunda değişiklik fetal programlanmanın temel mekanizmaları olarak düşünülmektedir. Maternal obezite ve gestasyonel ağırlık artışına ek olarak annede gestasyonel diyabetin gelişmesi yenidoğanın ileriki yaşlarında obezite gelişim riskini artırmaktadır. Gebelikte vücut ağırlık artışının önerilenden düşük veya yüksek olması obezite için risk etmenidir. Maternal hiperglisemi fetal insülin sentezini arttırarak fetal adiposit kütlesinde artışa neden olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle gebelik döneminde önerilen düzeyde vücut ağırlık artışının ve gestasyonel diyabette metabolik kontrolün sağlanması önemlidir.

Fetal Programming of Obesity

In recent years, it has been over emphasized that enviromental factors exposed in fetal period and early years of life can affect lifelong health status. Specially, the origins of obesity date back to early years of life and prenatal/postnatal inadequate nutritional status increases obesity predisposition. Impairment of functions in tissues, alteration in insulin secretion and senstivity, increase in number and/ or size of fat cells or alterations in adipose tissue function and alterations in appetite regulation are thought to be the main mechanisms in fetal programming. In addition to maternal obesity and gestational weight gain, gestational diabetes increases later obesity in newborn. Higher or lower gestational weight gain than the recommended values is a risk factor for obesity. Maternal hyperglycemia can cause an increase in fetal adiposity by inducing fetal insulin synthesis. Thus, appropriate gestational weight gain and metabolic control in gestational diabetes are strongly recommended.

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Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi-Cover
  • ISSN: 1300-3089
  • Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 3 Sayı
  • Başlangıç: 1972
  • Yayıncı: Türkiye Diyestisyenler Derneği
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