Gelişmiş Bazı Ülkelerin Beslenme Politikalarının Değerlendirilmesi

Ulusal politikaların belirlenmesi sürecinde, çeşitli hükümet bakanlıkları belirli bir plan döneminde uygulanmak üzere programlar hazırlamaktadırlar. Ulusal politikanın bu yönleri, özellikle bir ülkedeki toplumun beslenme durumunu iyileştirmek üzere tasarlanmışsa bu tür politikalar beslenme politikası olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Beslenme politikalarının temel amacı, özellikle düşük gelirli bireylerde, gebelik, bebeklik, laktasyon ve yaşlılık gibi yaşamın kritik dönemlerinde, bireylerin optimal sağlığa ulaşmalarını sağlamak ve besin yetersizlikleriyle beraber kalp-damar hastalıkları, kanser gibi kronik hastalıkları önlemektir. Tüm dünyada insanların beslenme ve yaşam tarzları dramatik şekilde değişikliğe uğradığından ve kronik hastalıkların prevalansı günden güne arttığından birçok ülke besin ve beslenme konusunda ulusal eylem planları ve politikaları geliştirmişlerdir. Bir ülkenin beslenme politikasına sahip olması, politika amaçlarının gerçekleştiği anlamına gelmez. Politika hedeflerinin belirsiz olması politikanın doğru şekilde uygulanamamasına neden olur ya da kaynak veya kapasite yetersizliği nedeniyle hayata geçirilemez. Birçok ülke gelişmiş politikalara sahip olsa bile bu politikaların bazı eksiklikleri vardır. Örneğin, birçok beslenme politikası cinsiyet ve grup farklılıklarını kapsamamakta ve politika ve programlar tasarlanırken evrensel politikalar ile hedeflenen politikaların nasıl birleştirileceği dikkate alınmamaktadır. Böyle olunca günümüzdeki beslenme politikalarının çoğu halk sağlığı uygulamaları ile büyük ölçüde bir uyumsuzluk içindedir. Beslenme politikalarının uygulanmasında ve değerlendirilmesinde daha güçlü bir desteğe gereksinim vardır ve gerçekleştirilmesi planlanan müdahalelerin çevresel yaklaşımları da içermesi gerekmektedir. Beslenme politikaları kapsamında iyi planlanmış müdahale programları ile toplumun beslenme durumu ve sağlığı belirgin bir şekilde iyileştirilebilir.

Evaluation of Nutritional Policies of Some Developed Countries

In the process of national policy formulation, various ministries of the governments prepare programs for implementation during a specific plan. These aspects of national policy are especially designed to improve the nutritional status of a population in a country; such policies are defined as nutrition policy. Primary objective of the nutrition policy is to improve health status of the low-income individuals, infants, pregnants, lactating mothers and the persons who in their critical periods of life (such as elderly) to the optimal level; prevent nutritional deficiencies and chronical diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Due to the diet and lifestyles of people has undergone a dramatic change all across the world and increases in the prevalence of chronic diseases, many countries have developed national actions plans and policies on food and nutrition. A country to have a nutrition policy, do not mean that the policy goals have been achieved. The situation where the objectives of nutrition policies are uncertain, will lead to the misapplication of nutrition policies or there may be a situtation that the policy objectives have been determined but could not be put into practice due to lack of resources or capacity. Various countries have a developed policy, however the policies have certain shortages. Such as; nutrition policies do not adequately consider gender and groups in vulnerable settings and the design of policies and programmes do not take into account how to combine universal and targeted policies. Therefore, nowadays most of the nutrition policies are in a mismatch with a good public health. During the evaluation and implementation of nutrition policies, there needs to be a stronger support and a shift towards stronger environmental approaches. Certain interventions, such as the cooperation with food manufacturers will significantly improves the health and nutritional status of the population.

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