BETÜL KOCAADAM BOZKURT, YASEMİN AKDEVELİOĞLU

Fitoöstrojenler ve Üreme Sağlığı

Fitoöstrojenler doğal veya yapay östrojenik bileşiklere benzer kimyasal yapılara sahip bitkiler tarafından üretilen steroid olmayan bileşiklerdir. Fitoöstrojenler, östrojene spesifik reseptörlere affinite göstererek zayıf östrojenik etki göstermektedirler. Bu nedenle üreme sağlığı üzerine etkileri konusundaki çalışmalar gün geçtikçe yoğunlaşmaktadır. Bu derleme makale, pek çok fizyolojik rolü olduğu bilinen fitoöstrojenlerin kadın ve erkek üreme sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla hazırlanmıştır. Çalışmalar, özellikle yenidoğan dönemde fitoöstrojenlere (soya-izoflavon) dikkatle yaklaşılması gerektiğini, ileriki dönemlerde özellikle kızlarda seksüel dimorfik davranışları ve gelişimsel süreçlerini etkileyebileceğini göstermektedir. Aynı zamanda, fitoöstrojenlerin erken puberte başlangıcı ile ilişkili olabileceği, premenopozal dönemde mensturasyon siklusunda düzensizliklere neden olabileceği, postmenopozal dönemde ise semptomların azalmasını sağlayarak olumlu etkileri bulunabileceği görülmüştür. Erkeklerde ise fitoöstrojenlerin üreme sağlığı üzerine etkisi bulunmamıştır. Memelilerin gelişimsel süreçleri göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, evrelere göre fitoöstrojenlerin üreme sağlığı üzerine olumlu ya da olumsuz sayılabilecek önemli etkileri bulunmaktadır. Fitoöstrojenlerin etkileri üzerine insan çalışmaları sınırlı olsa da çalışmaların sonuçları yapılan pek çok sayıdaki hayvan çalışmaları ile benzerlik göstermektedir. Ancak, çalışmalardaki yöntemsel farklılıklar sonucu ortaya çıkan çelişkili sonuçlar fitoöstrojenlerin üreme sağlığı üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmeyi güçleştirmektedir.

Phytoestrogens and Reproductive Health

Phytoestrogens are nonsteroidal compounds produced by plants those have chemical structures similar to natural or synthetic estrogenic compounds. They have affinity to estrogen-specific receptors and thus exert weak estrogenic effect. Therefore, studies on the effects of phytoestrogens on reproductive health have been increased. This review article was prepared to determine the effects of phytoestrogens on reproductive health, known to have many physiological roles. Studies show that phytoestrogens (soy-isoflavones) should be approached with care in the newborn period, and may affect sexual dimorphic behavior (especially in girls) and developmental processes in later periods. At the same time, phytoestrogens may be associated with early puberty onset and early menarche in girls. Phytoestrogens may be associated with early onset puberty, may cause irregularities in the menstrual cycle in the premenopausal period, and may have positive effects in the postmenopausal period by reducing symptoms. In males, it was not found any effects of phytoestrogens on reproductive health. When the developmental processes of the mammals are taken into account, phytoestrogens have significant effects on the reproductive health, which can be regarded as positive or negative. Although human studies are limited on the effects of phytoestrogens, the results are similar to those of many animal studies. However, there are differences in methodological differences in the studies carried out, so inconsistencies can be observed in the results.

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