Patara Tepecik Yerleşimi’nde Ele Geçen Metal Savaş Teçhizatı

Çalışmanın temel konusunu, Patara kent merkezinin kuzeyinde ve iç limanın doğu- sunda doğal bir tepe üzerinde konumlanan Tepecik askerî yerleşiminde ele geçmiş me- tal savaş teçhizatı oluşturmaktadır. Yerleşimde savunmaya yönelik inşa faaliyetlerinin izleri MÖ 6. yüzyıla kadar uzanır. Son yıllarda gerçekleştirilen kazı çalışmalarında, bir garnizon yerleşimine ait savunma yapıları ve çok sayıda konut temelleri ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Garnizonun, MÖ 4. yüzyılın ortalarında inşa edildiği ve geçirdiği mimari dönüşümlerle MÖ 3. yüzyıl sonlarına kadar kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Tepecik askerî yerleşiminde ele geçen metal savaş teçhizatı, bir pilum, ok uçları, kata- pult ok uçları, kargı ok uçları, bir katapultun tetik mekanizması parçası, sapan mer- mileri ve bir kıvrık hançerden oluşmaktadır. Bu savaş araç-gereçleri içinde az sayıda MÖ 6/5. yüzyıla ait örnekler tespit edilmiştir. Buluntuların büyük çoğunluğu, MÖ 4. yüzyıl ortası ile MÖ 3. yüzyıl arasına tarihlendirilmektedir. Az sayıda örnek ise MÖ erken 2. yüzyıla aittir. Zamansal açıdan bakıldığında, tüm bu metal savaş teçhizatı Patara’nın tarihsel ortamıyla uyum göstermekte ve ayrıca, uzun süre askerî amaçlı kullanılan Tepecik yerleşimindeki çeşitli mimari evrelerle ilgili bilgilerimizi de güçlen- dirmektedir. Yerleşimle ilgili verilerin yanı sıra metal savaş teçhizatı içinde yer alan bazı silahlar, nadir görülen örneklerden olmalarıyla ön plana çıkmaktadır. Anadolu’da az sayıda örneği bilinen bir demir pilum ve bir demir kıvrık hançer bunlar arasındadır. Ayrıca bir yüzünde Makedon Kral II. Philippos’un diğer yüzünde Büyük İskender’in isminin yazıldığı kurşun bir sapan mermisi, Anadolu’da bilinen tek örnek olma özel- liğini taşımaktadır. Bir gastraphetes ya da katapulta ait olması gereken tetik mekaniz- ması parçası ise üzerine çok tartışılan bir mekanizmanın kanıtı olması açısından son derece önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Patara, metal, askerî teçhizat, savaş, silah, Likya

Metal Military Equipment from Tepecik Settlement at Patara

The subject matter of this work is the metal military equipment that was found in the military settlement of Tepecik, situated on a natural rock north of the Patara city center and east of the inner harbor. Construction activities for defense purposes can be traced back to the 6th century B.C. in the settlement. During the excavations conducted in recent years, a garrison was unearthed, that had been built in the middle of the 4th century B.C. and remained in use until the end of the 3rd century B.C. with some architectural transformation. The metal military equipment comprises a pilum, arrowheads, bolt-heads / spear butts, javelin heads, a catapult trigger mechanism part, sling bullets and a dagger. A limited number of metal military tools are dated to the 6th/5th century B.C. Apart from these, the great majority of the weapons pertain to the period to the middle of the 4th century B.C. and the 3rd century B.C. with a few other examples dating to the 2nd century B.C. All the metal equipment accords well with the history of Patara and strengthens the data on various architectural phases detected in the Tepecik settlement. Furthermore, we can say that certain weapons found among the military equipment stand out as rarely seen specimens: A pilum and a curved dagger which are known to have very few examples in Anatolia. A lead sling bullet inscribed with the names of Philip II of Macedon and Alexander the Great is the one and only example of this specimen in Anatolia. The trigger claw of a catapult is also of capital importance since it provides evidence for a much-debated mechanism.

Keywords:

Patara, metal, military equipment, war, weapon, Lycia,

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