Çiğdem YÜKSEL, Neşe MERCAN, Melisa BULUT

Bilişsel Çarpıtma Düzeyi ile Depresyon ve Anksiyete Düzeyi Arasındaki İlişki: Sistematik Derleme

Bilişsel çarpıtmaların depresyon ve anksiyete düzeyleri ile ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi depresyon ve anksiyetenin tanı, tedavi vebakımı için önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bilişsel çarpıtmalar ile depresyon ve anksiyete düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkininsistematik olarak incelenmesidir. Bu sistematik derlemede Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA) kriterleri kullanılmıştır. Scopus ile Elsevier/ClinicalKey/ScienceDirect ve PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science veritabanlarında, “cognitive distortion, cognitive error, cognitive biases, depression, anxiety, bilişsel çarpıtma, bilişsel hata, bilişselyanlılık, depresyon, anksiyete” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak 15 Şubat -5 Nisan 2019 tarihleri arasında literatür taramasıyapılmıştır. Değerlendirmeye 14 çalışma dâhil edilmiştir. Bu çalışmalardan altısının örneklemini sağlıklı bireyler; sekizininörneklemini vaka grubunu depresyon ya da anksiyete tanısı alan bireyler ile kontrol grubunu sağlıklı bireyler oluşturmaktadır. Buçalışmaların dördü kesitsel, ikisi Randomize Kontrollü, biri Prospektif Tanımlayıcı Vaka Serisi tasarımı, beşi Prospektif VakaKontrol, ikisi Prospektif Karşılaştırmalı Vaka Serisi tasarımı ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışmaların sonuçları; sağlıklı veya depresyonve/veya anksiyete tanısı almış bireylerin bilişsel çarpıtma düzeyi ile anksiyete veya depresyon düzeyleri arasında pozitif bir ilişkininolduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışmalar bilişsel çarpıtma düzeyinin; depresif ve anksiyete semptomları, yetişkin ayrılma anksiyetesi,sosyal anksiyete, olumsuz kendini ifade etme, sosyo-duygusal işleyişte azalma, umutsuzluk, ruminasyon, agresiflik, disfori ve intihargirişimi ile pozitif ilişkili olduğunu belirlemişlerdir. Ayrıca, bilişsel çarpıtmaları azaltmayı amaçlayan iki müdahele çalışmasında,bilişsel çarpıtmaların azalması ile depresif ve anksiyete semptomlarının azaldığı belirlenmiştir

The Relationship Between Cognitive Distortions and Depression and Anxiety Levels: A Systematic Review

Evaluation of the relationship between cognitive distortions and depression and anxiety levels is important for the diagnosis, treatment and care of depression and anxiety. The aim of this study is to systematically examine the relationship between cognitive distortions and depression and anxiety levels. In this systematic review, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA) criteria were used. Scopus and Elsevier/ClinicalKey/ScienceDirect and PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science electronic bibliographic databases were searched between 15 February -5 April 2019 by using the following keywords "cognitive distortion, cognitive error, cognitive biases, depression, anxiety, cognitive distortion, cognitive error, cognitive bias, depression, anxiety". 14 studies were included in the assessment. The participants of six of these studies are healthy; eight of these consists of the case group which have participants diagnosed with depression or anxiety and consist the control group which have healthy participants. Four of these studies were carried out with cross-sectional design, two with Randomized Control, one with Prospective Descriptive Case Series design, five with Prospective Case-Control, two with Prospective Comparative Case Series design. The results of the studies; shows that there is a positive relationship between cognitive distortion level and anxiety or depression levels of individuals who are healthy or have been diagnosed with depression and / or anxiety. Studies show that cognitive distortion level; They found that they were positively associated with depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, adult separation anxiety, social anxiety, negative self-expression, decreased socio-emotional functioning, hopelessness, rumination, aggression, dysphoria and suicide attempt. In addition, in two intervention studies aimed at reducing cognitive distortions, it was determined that with cognitive distortions decreased and symptoms of depression and anxiety decreased

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