SANAT VE TASARIMDA BİR İFADE ARACI OLARAK OYUNCAK

Bireyde öznel ve özgün ifadenin gelişimine katkıda bulunan oyuncaklar, taşıdıkları bu değerleri nedeniylesanat ve tasarımda kendilerine yer bulmuşlardır. Bu çalışma, çocuk kavramının ve oyuncağın biçimlendiğiyirminci yüzyıl başından bulunduğumuz döneme dek, sanatın ve tasarımın oyuncakla kesiştiği noktalarıçözümlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Oyuncağın sanat ve tasarım ile ilişkisi; bireyin yaratım sürecininsonunda ortaya çıkan oyuncaklar ve yaratım süreçlerinde kaynak olarak kullanılan oyuncaklar olarak ikiayrı bölümde örnek inceleme yoluyla ele alınmıştır. Bu nesnelerin yaratıcı ifade aracı niteliği irdelenmiş,dönemi ve yaratıcısı ile arasındaki ilişkiler irdelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada oyuncakların, oyun işlevininyanında, kendi anlamları ve sanatçı ve tasarımcılar tarafından kendilerine yüklenen anlamları yansıtarakbir ifade aracı görevi yüklendiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

TOY AS A MEDIUM OF EXPRESSION IN ART AND DESIGN

Toys that support development of subjective and original expression of child, depending on this quality have been parts of art and design. This study is carried out to analyze how art - design and toys intersect with each other from the beginning of twentieth century to today, which is the time period that shaped the contemporary concept of child and toy. In this study, the relation between toy and art - design is examined via analyzing the samples under two categories as the toys that are the final output of creative processes and the toys that are source materials for creative actions. Toy’s potential on creative expression, its connection with its artist and time are examined. In this study it has been revealed that in addition to play function, toys serve as mediums of expression within the concept of their own meaning and their attributed meaning by artists and designers.

PDF

___

Abbott, R. (1991). “A Moment's Ornament: Wharton's Lily Bart and Art Nouveau”, Mosaic: An Interdisciplinary Critical Journal, Vol 24 (2), p. 73-91.
Arslan, E. (2013). Sanatsal Form Olarak Oyuncak Tasarımı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İzmir: Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Güzel Sanatlar Enstitüsü, Heykel Anasanat Dalı.
Auden, W.H. (2017). “Squares and Oblongs”, Play: Its Role in Development and Evolution, ed. Jerome S. Bruner, Alison Jolly ve Kathy Sylva, p.1033-1036.
Balla, G., & Depero, F. (1915). “Futurist Reconstruction of the Universe”, Futurist Manifestos, p.197-200.
Baran, D. (2006). Heykel Üretiminde Oyun Olgusu ve Bir Sergi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Güzel Sanatlar Enstitüsü, Heykel Anasanat Dalı.
Bergdoll, B., & Dickerman, L. (2009). Bauhaus 1919-1933: Workshops for Modernity, The Museum of Modern Art.
Brougère, G. (2005). “Toy Houses: A Socio-Anthropological Approach To Analysing Objects”, Visual Communication, Vol 5 (1), p.5-24.
Bruner, J. (2017). “Surprise, Craft and Creativity”, Play: Its Role in Development and Evolution, ed. Jerome S. Bruner, Alison Jolly ve Kathy Sylva, p.1037-1039.
Campbell, G. (Ed.). (2006). The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts: Two-volume Set Vol 1, Oxford University Press.
Deveci, P. (2015). Zamana Göre Değişen "Oyun" ve "Oyuncak" Kavramlarının Resimsel Düzlemde Çözümlenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Isparta: Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Güzel Sanatlar Enstitüsü, Resim Anasanat Dalı.
Dickie, G. (1969). “Defining Art”, American Philosophical Quarterly, Vol 6(3), p. 253-256.
Doren, H. & Rideot, J. U. S. (1933). Patent No, USD91256S. Toledo, Ohio: U.S. Patent Office.
Droste, M. (2002). Bauhaus, 1919-1933, Taschen.
Dutton, D. (2006). “A Naturalist Definition of Art”, The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, Vol 64(3), p.363-377.
Esposito, N. (2005). “A Short and Simple Definition of What a Videogame Is”, DiGRA 2005 Conference: Changing Views – Worlds in Play, 16-20 Haziran, Vancouver: Proceedings of DiGRA 2005 Conference.
Ginoulhiac, M. (2014). “Educating Children in Architecture: XXth Architectural Narratives troughs Toys Design”, International Conference Arquitectonics Network: Architecture, Education and Society, 4-6 June 2014, Barcelona: Final papers. GIRAS. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya.
Hervas, J. (2017) “Bauhaus Connection”, Cuadernos de Proyectos Arquitectónicos, Vol (7), p.165-169.
Huizinga, J. (2017). “Play and Contest as Civilizing Functions”, Play: Its Role in Development and Evolution, ed. Jerome S. Bruner, Alison Jolly ve Kathy Sylva, p.1094-1115.
Kudrowitz, B.M. ve Wallace, D.R. (2010) “The Play Pyramid: A Play Classification And İdeation Tool For Toy Design”, International Journal of Arts and Technology, Vol 3(1), p.36-56.
Kozlu, D. (2009). “Teknolojik Gelişmelerin Toplum ve Sanata Yansımaları”, Art-E Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Güzel Sanatlar Fakültesi Dergisi, Sayı 3(1), s.1-14.
Landreth, G. L. (1993). “Child-centered Play Therapy”, Elementary School Guidance & Counseling, Vol 28(1), p.17-29.
Mindrup, M. (2016). “Bauspiel as Immaterial Architectural Investigation: Avante Garde Experiments with Generative Architectural Models”, Materiality and Architecture, ed. Sandra Karina Loschkes, p.195-212.
Onur, B. (1992). Oyuncaklı Dünya, 1. Basım, Ankara: Verso Yayıncılık.
Öz Çelikbaş, E. (2019). “Dışavurumcu Sanat Terapisi”, Safran Kültür ve Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, Sayı 2(1), s.20-37.
Thomas, V. (2013). “Playing at The Crossroads”, ISBE 2013 Conference Proceedings, London: ISBE.9781900862264.
Wertz, W.J. (2005). “A Reader’s Guide to Letters on the Aesthetical”, Fidelio, Vol 14(2), p.80- 104.
Yagou, A. (2013). Modernist complexity on a small scale: The Dandanah glass building blocks of 1920 from an object-based research perspective, Deutsches Museum.
İnternet Kaynakları
ADO Cubes Set, https://midmod-design.com/kids/5b349bd0e7fa3/Ado-cubes-set-Ko-VerzuuHolland-1937, Erişim tarihi: 27.08.2019.
Alexander Calder, https://sirismm.si.edu/siris/Caldertest.htm, Erişim tarihi: 29.08.2019.
Campana Brothers, https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/the-story-behind-thecampana-brothers-iconic-stuffed-animal-chair-design, Erişim tarihi: 03.09.2019.
Carl Otto Czeschka, http://www.calder.org/life/biography, Erişim tarihi: 30.08.2019.
Calder, https://www.mkg-hamburg.de/en/collection/permanent-collection/art-nouveau/armyof-soldiers.html, Erişim tarihi: 03.09.2019.
Child’s Wheelbarrow, https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/163364, Erişim tarihi: 02.09.2019.
Dandanah, https://www.deutsches-museum.de/en/exhibitions/materials-energy/technicaltoys/tour/#c98931, Erişim tarihi: 23.08.2019.
Dada, https://www.britannica.com/art/Dada, Erişim tarihi: 30.08.2019.
Hiroshi Fuji, http://azito-art.com/artists/hiroshi-fuji/, Erişim tarihi: 27.08.2019.
Jake Chapman, Dinos Chapman, https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/chapman-disasters-ofwar-t07454, Erişim tarihi: 28.08.2019.
Kaleidescope House, http://www.lauriesimmons.net/projects/kaleidoscope-house, Erişim tarihi: 05.09.2019.
Little Horse, https://www.moma.org/audio/playlist/19/415/ , Erişim tarihi: 25.08.2019.
Mummified Barbies, http://evdaystudio.com/projects/mummified-barbies/ , Erişim tarihi: 30.08.2019.
Nathan Sawaya, https://www.exploratorium.edu/tinkering/tinkerers/nathan-sawaya, Erişim tarihi: 01.09.2019
Pantonaef, https://www.verner-panton.com/objects/archive/49/index.html, Erişim tarihi: 20.08.2019.
Puppets, http://www.paul-klee.org/puppets/, Erişim tarihi: 04.08.2019.
Renate Müller, https://www.r-and-company.com/designers/renate-mu%cc%88ller/, Erişim tarihi: 14.08.2019.
Schiller, J.C.F. (t.y.). “Letters Upon The Aesthetic Education of Man”, Public Library, http://public-library.uk/ebooks/55/76.pdf, Erişim tarihi: 05.08.2019.
Görsel Kaynaklar
Görsel 1. Carl Otto Czeschka, Asker Ordusu (Army of Soldiers), 1907, https://www.mkghamburg.de/en/collection/permanent-collection/art-nouveau/army-of-soldiers.html, Erişim tarihi: 03.09.2019.
Görsel 2. Dagobert Peche, Şehir (City), 1918-1919, https://www.salzburgmuseum.at/en/collections/toys/, Erişim tarihi: 28.08.2019.
Görsel 3. Hannah Höch, Dada Bebekleri (Dada Puppen), 1916, http://sammlungonline.berlinischegalerie.de/eMuseumPlus?service=ExternalInterface&module=collection&obje ctId=144948&viewType=detailView, Erişim tarihi: 25.08.2019.
Görsel 4. Paul Mahlberg, Blanche Mahlberg, Bruno Taut, Dandanah, 1921, https://www.deutsches-museum.de/en/exhibitions/materials-energy/technicaltoys/tour/#c98931, Erişim tarihi: 23.08.2019.
Görsel 5. Herman Finsterlin, Stil Oyunu (Stilspiel), 1921, https://www.design-isfine.org/post/58343686331/hermann-finsterlin-das-stilspiel-the-style, Erişim tarihi: 27.08.2019.
Görsel 6. Anna Siedhoff Buscher, Bauspiel, 1923, https://shop.bauhausmovement.com/bauhaus-bauspiel, Erişim tarihi: 20.08.2019.
Görsel 7. Paul Klee, Kuklalar (Puppets), http://www.paul-klee.org/puppets/, Erişim tarihi: 30.08.2019.
Görsel 8. Oskar Schlemmer, Eklemleri Hareketli Oyuncak Bebek (Jointed Doll), 1923, https://www.bmiaa.com/rediscovering-design-largest-collection-of-bauhausobjects/neu_oskar-schlemmer_gliederpuppe_1922_bauhaus-archiv-berlin-foto-hartwigklappert/, Erişim tarihi: 25.08.2019.
Görsel 9. Gerrit Rietveld, Çocuk El Arabası (Child's Wheelbarrow), 1923, https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/163364, Erişim tarihi: 25.08.2019.
Görsel 10. Alexander Calder, Kanguru (Kangaroo), 1927, http://www.calder.org/work/bycategory/toy, Erişim tarihi: 31.08.2019.
Görsel 11. Ladislav Sutnar, Fil (Elephant), 1930, https://en.upm.cz/a-hundred-years-of-czechdesign/, Erişim tarihi: 26.08.2019.
Görsel 12. Joaquin Torres Garcia, Filler (Elefantes), 1921, http://torresgarcia.com/catalogue/entry.php?id=2390, Erişim tarihi: 30.08.2019.
Görsel 13. Ladislav Sutnar, Kasabayı İnşa Et Yapı Bloğu (Build the Town Building Blocks), https://www.moma.org/collection/works/101525?artist_id=5740&locale=en&page=1&sov_ref errer=artist), Erişim tarihi: 28.08.2019.
Görsel 14. Lyonel Feininger, Dünyanın Ucundaki Şehir (City at the Edge of the World), http://www.moellerfineart.com/moeller-fine-art/exhibitions/your-unclefeininger?view=slider#3, Erişim tarihi: 02.09.2019.
Görsel 15. Pablo Picasso, Küçük At (Little Horse), 1960, https://www.moma.org/audio/playlist/19/415, Erişim tarihi: 28.08.2019.
Görsel 16. Jake & Dinos Chapman, Savaş Felaketleri (Disasters of War), 1993, https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/chapman-disasters-of-war-t07454, Erişim tarihi: 06.09.2019.
Görsel 17. E.V. Day, Mummified Barbies, 2011, http://evdaystudio.com/projects/mummifiedbarbies/, Erişim tarihi: 30.08.2019.
Görsel 18. Nathan Sawaya, Çatlak Gri (Grey Cracked), 2011, https://avantgallery.com/collection/nathan-sawaya-art/grey-cracked/, Erişim tarihi: 24.08.2019.
Görsel 19. Hiroshi Fuji, Bu oyuncaklar nereden gelmiş? (Where have all these toys come from?), 2012. http://azito-art.com/artists/hiroshi-fuji/, Erişim tarihi: 18.08.2019.
Görsel 20. Alessandro Mendini, Anna G., 1994, https://www.alessi.com/sl_en/corkscrew-annag-pc-aam01.html, Erişim tarihi: 23.08.2019.
Görsel 21. Fernando&Humberto Campana, The Cake Stool, 2008, https://lamodern.com/2015/06/just-in-witty-and-wise-works-from-brazils-campana-brothers/, Erişim tarihi: 03.09.2019.