İnsan Ticaretiyle Mücadele: Uluslararası Belgeler ve Türkiye'nin Çabaları

İnsan ticareti, günümüzde, ülkeler arasındaki gelişmişlik farkının artması, küreselleşme, işsizlik, kadın erkek arasındaki fırsat eşitsizliği gibi olgulara bağlı olarak artmıştır. İnsan ticaretinin önlenmesine yönelik ilk uluslararası düzenlemeler, beyaz kadın ticaretine ilişkindir. Oysa ki, günümüzde insan ticareti çok çeşitli şekillerde ortaya çıkmaktadır. İnsan ticaretinin önlenmesi, hükümetlerin, sivil toplum örgütlerinin ve hükümetlerarası örgütlerin girişimi ile 199O'lı yılların sonunda BM tarafından ele alınmış; Sımraşan Örgütlü Suçlara Karşı Birleşmiş Milletler Sözleşmesi 'ne Ek İnsan Ticaretinin Özellikle Kadın ve. Çocuk Ticaretinin Önlenmesine, Durdurulmasına ve Cezalandırılmasına İlişkin Protokol, kabul edilmiş; Avrupa Konseyi bünyesinde ise İnsan Ticaretine Karşı Hareket Sözleşmesi hazırlanmıştır. Uluslararası belgeler, çoğu zaman uluslararası nitelik taşıyan bu suç ile mücadele için devletler arasında işbirliği yapılması gereğinden doğmuştur. Genellikle suç örgütleri tarafından işlenen insan ticareti suçu kolaylıkla bu konuda yasal, idari ve yargısal boşluklar olan ülkelere kayabilir. Uluslararası belgelerdeki ortak nokta, iç hukuklarda insan ticareti fiilinin suç haline getirilmesi yükümlülüğü, fiilin cezalandırılması için gereken tedbirlerin alınması ve insan ticareti mağdurlanın temel haklarının korunmasıdır.

Prevention of Human Trafficking: International Instruments and Turkey's Efforts

Human trafficking has been prolified as a result of globalisation, difference of development in the world, unembloyment, violence to women and children, discrimination among genders. First generation of international regulations on human trafficking have taken the human rights perspective and the criminalized women trafficking. However, human trafficking is occuring in various types today. Governments, intergovernmental and non-governmental organisations have taken the initiative to prevent the human trafficking. Convention against Transnational Organized Crime has been adopted in the auspices of the United Nations. Human trafficking usually occuring in an organised group of criminals has been regulated in an additional Protocol to that Convention. Trafficking Protocol has generated from an urgent need to address the human trafficking with cooperation among the States and international organisations. It requires the Contracting States to enact laws to criminalize the human trafficking and protect the human rights of trafficking victims.

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