İbrahim Halil DİKEN, Ahmet İlkhan YETKİN, Esra ORUM ÇATTIK

Erken Çocukluk Dönemi Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğunda Aile Merkezli Müdahaleler

Aile çocuğun yaşamında önemli yeri olan gelişimini destekleyerek onun yaşadığı toplumun kurallarına uygunolarak yetişmesini sağlayan toplumsal bir kurumdur. Tipik gelişen çocuklar birçok beceri ve davranışı aileleriylegün içerisinde gerçekleştirdikleri doğal yaşantılarla kolaylıkla kazanırken söz konusu otizm spektrum bozukluğu(OSB) olan bir çocuk olduğunda aynı beceri ve davranışların kazandırılmasında sistematik öğretim süreçlerinegereksinim duyulmaktadır. OSB tanısı son yıllarda oldukça erken dönemlerde konulsa da aileler çocuklarınıneğitim sürecine erken dönemde nasıl ve ne şekilde katılacaklarını bilememektedirler. Aile merkezli uygulamalarpek çok yetersizlik türünde ve farklı yaş grubundaki çocuklarda, beceri ve davranışların kazandırılmasında vedavranış problemleri ile başa çıkmada kullanılabilen kanıt temeli uygulamalardan birisidir. Bu makalede ailemerkezli uygulamaların kuramsal temelleri, erken çocukluk döneminde OSB olan çocuklar ve aileleri için önemive bu uygulamaların kullanımı hakkında genel bilgilere yer verilmiştir. Ayrıca erken çocukluk döneminde OSBolan çocuklarla gerçekleştirilen araştırmalar hakkında kapsamlı bilgi sunulmuş ve ileri araştırmalar içinuygulamacılara ve araştırmacılara önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Parent-Implemented Interventions in Autism Spectrum Disorder in Early Childhood

Parents support the development of the child and ensure that s/he grows up in accordance with the society rules in which s/he lives. While typical children easily acquire skills and behaviors in natural experiences with their families, systematic teaching is often required for the same skills and behaviors when it comes to a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although ASD can be diagnosed very early in recent years, families do not know how to participate in the early education of their children. Family-centered practice is one of the evidence-based practices used to gain skills and behaviors and to deal with behavioral problems in many disability types at different ages. This article includes the theoretical foundations of family-centered practices and the importance of familycentered practices for children with ASD in early childhood and their families. In addition, comprehensive information about the studies conducted with children with ASD and their families in early childhood was presented and recommendations were made.

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