Merve BABAÇ, Meliha EKİNCİ, Derya İLEM-ÖZDEMİR

KANSER TANISI VE TEDAVİSİNDE KULLANILAN MONOKLONAL ANTİKORLAR

Amaç: Kanser, vücuttaki hücrelerin kontrolsüz çoğalması ile gelişen bir hastalık olup anormal ve kontrolsüzce büyüyen hücreler ile karakterizedir. Kanser insidansı gün geçtikçe artarken, kanser tanı ve tedavisindeki yeni yaklaşımlar da büyük önem kazanmaktadır. Kanser tanısı amacıyla sıklıkla anatomik görüntüleme teknikleri ve nükleer görüntüleme sistemleri kullanılmaktadır. Kanser tedavisinde ise geleneksel yaklaşımların (cerrahi, radyoterapi, kemoterapi) yanı sıra son zamanlarda hedefe yönelik yaklaşımlar da kullanılmaktadır. Kanser tedavisindeki hedefe yönelik yaklaşımlar çoğunlukla küçük moleküllü tirozin kinaz inhibitörleri ve monoklonal antikorları içermektedir. Monoklonal antikorlar ilk olarak antijenle immünize edilmiş farelerin B hücreleri ve miyelom kanser hücrelerinin oluşturduğu hibridomlardan elde edilmiştir. Çoğunlukla, biyolojik materyallerin tanısı, saflaştırılması ve analizlerinde, kanserin tanısı ve tedavisinde ve organ nakillerinde doku reddinin önlenmesinde kullanılmaktadır. Monoklonal antikorların eldesinin az zaman alması ve az maliyetli olması, monoklonal antikorlara büyük avantaj sağlamaktadır. Bu avantajlarının yanında araştırmalar doğrultusunda farklı yan etkiler saptanmış olsa da hedefe spesifik oluşları ve diğer avantajlarından dolayı monoklonal antikorlar günümüzde çokça rağbet görmektedir.Sonuç ve Tartışma: Monoklonal antikorlar ve beraberinde kanser tanı ve tedavisi araştırmaları günümüzde devam etmekle beraber bu konu tıp bilimi açısından önem taşıyan ve merak edilen bir konu olma özelliğini devam ettirmektedir. Bu derlemede kısaca kanser tanısı ve tedavisinde sıklıkla kullanılan monoklonal antikorlar ve hedeflerinden, etki mekanizmalarından ve klinik kullanımlarından bahsedilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kanser tanısı, kanser tedavisi, Monoklonal antikor

MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES USED IN CANCER DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

Objective: Cancer is a disease that develops with the uncontrolled proliferation of cells in the body and is characterized by abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells. While the incidence of cancer is increasing day by day, new approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer are gaining great importance. Anatomical imaging techniques and nuclear imaging systems are frequently used for cancer diagnosis. In the treatment of cancer, in addition to traditional approaches (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy), targeted approaches have been used recently. Targeted approaches in cancer treatment mostly include small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies were initially obtained from hybridomas formed by B cells and myeloma cancer cells of antigen-immunized mice. It is mostly used in the diagnosis, purification and analysis of biological materials, diagnosis and treatment of cancer, and prevention of tissue rejection in organ transplants. Monoclonal antibodies have great advantages because they take less time to develop and cost less. In addition to these advantages, although different side effects have been detected in the direction of research, monoclonal antibodies are in great demand today due to their target specificity and other advantages.Result and Discussion: Although research on monoclonal antibodies and cancer diagnosis and treatment continue today, this subject continues to be an important and curious subject in terms of medical science. In this review, monoclonal antibodies, which are frequently used in cancer diagnosis and treatment, and their targets, mechanisms of action and clinical uses will be discussed.

Keywords:

Cancer diagnosis, cancer treatment, Monoclonal antibody,

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