Çalışma Alanı Olarak Kamu Politikası: Tarihsel ve Düşünsel Kökler Üzerine

Kamu politikası çalışma alanının, kamu politikası için bilgi üretme ve kamu politikasının bilgisini üretme olmak üzere iki farklı tanımı yapılmaktadır. Kamu politikasının siyaset-bilgi, değer-karar, katılım-müdahale, amaç-araç ikilikleri üzerinden tanımlanmasına yol açan bu ayrım, devletin düzenleyici işlevleri ile siyaset ve siyasal yapının birbirinden ayrı görülmesi olgusuna dayanmaktadır. Bu kabulden yola çıkan yaklaşımlar, çalışma alanının doğuş nedenselliğini ortaya koyarken tarihsel ve düşünsel kökleri keşfetme çabasından çok kendi düşünsel konumlarını açıklayıcı bir tarihsel uğrak arayışına girmektedirler. Bu ayrımın reddi ve kamu politikasının belirli bir tarihsel kesitte ortaya çıkan toplumsal ilişkilerin bir ürünü olarakg örülmesi doğuş nedenselliği yönündeki tespitleri değiştirecektir. Kamu politikası çalışma alanı, II. Dünya Savaşı yıllarında Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin özgün yönetme sorununa verilen bir cevaptır. Yönetim sorununa verilen cevabın yürütmenin güçlendirilmesi olarak yönetsel alana yansıması, kamu politikasının siyasal planlama olarak tanımlanmasını beraberinde getirmiştir.

Public Policy as a Field of Study: Historical and Intellectual Roots

The field of public policy involves two fields of study: “producing knowledge for public policy” and “producing knowledge of public policy”. This distinction, which leads to defining public policy on the dualities of politics-knowledge, value-decision, participation- interference, goal-means, depends on the separate consideration of the state’s regulatory functions and politics/political structure. While giving the causality of the genesis of the field, the approaches based on this distinction have endeavored to find a historical moment that explains their theoretical positions rather than discovering historical and theoretical roots. The denial of this distinction and the reception of public policy as thee product of social relations occurred in a particular conjuncture that would have changed the determinations about the causality of the genesis. The field of public policy is an answer to be given to the political and administrative problems of the US during the period of the Second World War. The reflection of this problem on the government as the strengthening of execution has realized the definition of public policy as political planning.

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